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双语推荐:紫外老化

采用旋涂法制备了纯聚氨酯薄膜(PU)和紫外吸收剂UV-531改性聚氨酯薄膜(M-PU).使用本课题组自行研制的老化装置进行单一紫外辐照、单一臭氧气氛以及紫外/臭氧综合老化实验.利用色差、黄色指数、紫外可见光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱表征薄膜在不同环境中的老化行为.测试结果表明:紫外和臭氧对PU和M-PU薄膜都表现出显著的协同老化效应;添加质量分数为0.25%的UV-531,能提高聚氨酯薄膜在紫外环境、紫外/臭氧综合环境以及臭氧环境中短期暴露时的耐黄变性能.在单一紫外辐照、单一臭氧气氛以及紫外/臭氧综合老化期间,两种薄膜中氨酯结构均随着暴露时间的增加而逐渐减少.
A pure polyurethane film and a modified polyurethane film containing ultraviolet light absorber UV-531 were prepared by spin-coating. Accelerated aging tests of the films exposed to ozone atmosphere, UV radiation, and UV/ozone atmosphere, were performed by using self-designed aging equipment. The aging behaviors of the films exposed to different atmospheres were evaluated by color difference, yellowness index, UV-Vis spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. There is distinct synergistic aging effect between ozone-aging and UV-aging on both PU and M-PU films. The yellowing resistance properties of the polyurethane film in UV radiation atmosphere, UV/O3 atmosphere, and short-time ozone atmosphere can be improved by adding 0.25% UV-531 into the film. The urethane structures in the two films decrease with increasing exposure time during exposure to the studied three atmospheres.

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为研究沥青混合料紫外老化过程中的水稳定性能,采用实验室模拟紫外环境和自然大气暴露两种老化方式,改进浸水马歇尔试验、冻融循环劈裂试验和浸水车辙试验,实现了沥青路面水损害环境模拟,对不同老化程度的混合料,采用马歇尔残留稳定度、残留劈裂强度比和车辙深度评价其水稳定性能。试验结果表明,随着紫外老化时间延长沥青混合料水稳定性能衰减。试验方法结果表明实验室模拟紫外老化与自然大气老化之间具有一定相关性,采用冻融循环劈裂试验和浸水车辙试验评价紫外老化混合料的水稳定性能更加合理。
In order to study the water stability of asphalt mixture with ultraviolet (UV)radiation, several indoor accelerated simulation of ultraviolet aging tests together with natural exposure aging tests were carried out.Original simulation of water damage of asphalt pavement tests were improved,such as long term immersing Marshall test,frozen-thaw cycle test and wheel tracking test immersed in water. Experimental results show that water stabilities and mechanical behaviors of mixture have been altered by UV aging.With aging time prolonged,the retained stability,splitting intensity ratio declines and the amount of rutting increases.It shows attenuation on water stability of asphalt concrete.The results show the correlation between indoor accelerated simulation of UV aging tests and natural exposure aging tests, and the water stability evaluating by frozen-thaw cycle test and wheel tracking test immersed in water was more reasonable.
目的:对蓝色圆珠笔字迹在经过紫外光源老化后的独特特征进行研究,建立确认紫外灯照射的人为老化文件的方法。方法本文以蓝色圆珠笔字迹为研究对象,蓝色圆珠笔中的三芳甲烷类染料在紫外灯的照射下会吸收光子的能量加速其老化脱甲基的反应,通过适当的假设可以推导出其老化程度随时间变化的老化方程,由于目前紫外灯管几乎全部是线型结构,建立合适的坐标系,假设线型灯管能量分布均匀,且紫外线以球面波的形式传播出去,可以计算出纸面上任意一点的能量,通过纸张表面不同位置的三芳甲烷类染料的老化程度的不同来区别自然老化文件与紫外灯人为老化文件的不同。结果经过实验发现对于紫外灯人为老化文件来说甲基紫初始含量比上老化后含量的对数值与紫外灯对于该点的能量的辐出的比值为一个常数 K,该 K 值稳定,浮动范围小,线性关系的置信度大于99%,可以认为两个参数之间存在显著地线性关系,可以证明对于老化方程的推导和能量密度分布函数的推导合理符合实际,对于自然老化文件来说则不存在这种规律。结论可以利用这种特殊的分布规律构建一个衡量这种分布的函数来定量地确认紫外灯照射的人为老化文件。
Objective Currently the aging file suspected to be made intentionally, albeit difficult to determine, has positive significance in document inspection because a file can be identified as fake once the artificial aging is confirmed when the real written time is different from that of the claimed. Methods We used the writing made with ball-pen blue oil as the research object. Because the tri-aromatic methane dye in ball-pen blue oil will accelerate its aging when exposed to ultraviolet, an aging equation, if founded, can reveal the aging rate of tri-aromatic methane with time elapsing based on some appropriate assumptions. Since almost all the ultraviolet lamps are linear structure and within some distance, for example, a file irradiated intentionally, emit their energy uniformly and transmit the ultraviolet rays spherically, the aging equation can be used to calculate the energy of any point on paper with help of proper coordinates. According to the aging degree of tri-aromati

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通过力学性能测试、扫描电子显微镜形貌分析等对PP接枝丙烯腈(PP-g-AN)的抗紫外老化效果进行了评价;采用紫外可见光(UV–VIS)吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对PP/PP-g-AN共混物中PP-g-AN的抗紫外老化可能的作用机理进行了研究。结果表明,PP-g-AN具有明显的抗紫外老化作用,紫外加速老化2 000 h后,PP/PP-g-AN共混物的拉伸强度为22.5 MPa,远高于纯PP的13.4 MPa。PP-g-AN在共混物中通过发挥两种作用来提高PP的抗紫外老化性能:一是氰基的基态-激发态-基态跃迁过程,释放能量;二是氰基反应成环后的共轭结构N N NN易发生自由基加成反应,能够捕捉自由基,减少PP吸收的自由基数目。
The effects of PP-g-AN on the PP/PP-g-AN blends were evaluated by the mechanical properties testing and SEM. PP/PP-g-AN blends were investigated by the UV-Visible(UV-VIS) absorbance spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) to confirm the possible anti-UV aging reaction mechanism. The results show that PP-g-AN has an obvious anti-aging effect in the PP/PP-g-AN blends,the tensile strength reachs 22.5 MPa for PP/PP-g-AN blends and only 13.4 MPa for PP when aging 2 000 h. The possible reaction mechanism are discovered with two aspects:firstly,-CN transites from ground state to excited state and then goes back to ground state for releasing energy;secondly,the conjugate ring-structure NNNN generated by-CN will capture free radicals quickly by radical addition reaction,as a result that PP absorbs less free radicals.

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目前太阳能电池的应用越来越广泛,电池片封装材料EVA的紫外老化严重影响太阳能电池的使用寿命.针对这一问题,我们采用紫外吸收剂(UVAb1)对EVA进行掺杂,研究紫外吸收剂对EVA的改性效果.
At present,the application of solar cells is more and more extensive .However,the aging of cell chip packaging materials EVA under UV radiation affects the solar cell life span seriously .To solve this problem ,we dope a UV absorber (UVAb1) into EVA film to study the modification effect.

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对不饱和聚酯树脂粘合的人造石英石板材进行了人工紫外加速老化试验,通过显微观察其表面形态,比较色差值,并采用红外谱图分析,研究石英石板材的紫外老化情况。试验结果表明,四种类型的不饱和聚酯树脂石英石在经过500h紫外照射后,表层都会出现不同程度的粉化现象。而FTIR谱图显示,树脂并没有出现明显的链降解,石英石板面的粉化应是石英粉与树脂的接合面在老化试验中发生分离,导致石英粉脱落。
The unsaturated polyester resin( UPR) artificial quartz stones were accelerated aging by UV radiation in this study. The microexamination was performed to observe the surface and compare the chromatisms. Further-more,infrared spectra analysis was carried out to investigate the degree of aging. Results showed that the surfaces of four types of UPR stones were efflorescent in different degrees after 500 h of UV irradiation. And FTIR spectrograms indicated that there is no obvious chain degradation of resins,the efflorescence of stones was due to that the quartz powder and resin were separated in the adjoining plane during aging test,leading to the falling out of quartz powder.

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在室温条件下,用一定质量分数的NaOH溶液对芳砜纶进行预处理,然后用自制ZnO分散液对芳砜纶进行高温高压改性处理。经紫外老化仪试验证明,改性处理可有效改善芳砜纶的抗紫外老化性能。
Polysulfone amide fiber, treated by caustic soda at room temperature, was finished by nano-ZnO at high-temperature and high-pressure.The UV-aging test showed that fiber resistant to UV-radiation had been improved significantly after finishing.

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针对新型环保的油性灯箱灯片,进行耐用性能测试,包括温度测试、湿度测试、紫外线老化测试、模拟雨水冲刷性能的测试。利用试验结果,分析了四种因素对灯片使用寿命和使用质量的影响,并提出较为合理的使用建议。结果表明,四种因素对环保灯片使用质量影响的大小顺序为:温度紫外线循环次数湿度雨水冲刷频率;且使用普通灯管会使灯片产生紫外老化和热老化现象,而使用LED冷光灯可有效地避免紫外老化和热老化现象,提高灯片的使用质量和使用寿命。
The durability of the new environmental oil light film was tested ,including temperature test ,humidity test,UV aging test and rain erosion test.Using the test results,the impact of four factors on the life and quality of light film and more reasonable suggestions were also analyzed.The results showed:the influence of four factors on the quality of environmental oil light film was temperature >UV cycles>humidity>rain erosion frequency;and the use of ordinary lamp caused UV aging and thermal aging ,LED cold light can effectively avoided UV aging and ther-mal aging ,improved the quality and service life of light film.

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沥青路面的耐久性与沥青混合料抗老化性能密切相关.为了研究紫外线老化作用对沥青混合料力学性能以及高温抗变形能力的影响,通过对相同级配的SBS,SBR和基质沥青混合料紫外老化后进行劈裂试验和车辙试验,分析了经过不同紫外老化时间后3种混合料的劈裂强度和动稳定度的变化规律.结果表明:改性沥青混合料均表现出更好的抗紫外线老化的性能,其中SBS改性沥青混合料效果优于SBR改性沥青混合料.
T he durability of asphalt pavement is closely related to the anti-aging properties of asphalt mixtures .In order to study the role of UV aging on mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures as well as the impact on high temperature deformation resistance ,through the same gradation SBS ,SBR and base asphalt splitting test and wheel tracking test after UV aging ,the paper analyzed the law between the latter three different UV aging time asphalt mixture and cleavage strength and the variation of the dynamic stability .The results showed that modified asphalt mixture have shown better performance of anti-U V aging ,including SBS modified asphalt is better than SBR modified asphalt .

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采用共混法,将分散后的复合纳米ZnO-CeO2粉体掺杂到水性外墙涂料中,考察不同添加量的纳米颗粒对其紫外吸收抗老化能力的影响。结果表明,当改性纳米占浆料的质量百分比为1%~1.5%时,其紫外吸收抗老化能力最佳,改性涂料的耐水性、耐碱性、耐洗刷性和耐人工气候老化性都明显高于国标中优等品的技术要求。
By blending method,the comPosite nano-ZnO-CeO2 doPed Powder disPersed into an aqueous exterior Paint,effects of different amounts of nanoParticles added to its anti-aging ability was investigated. UV-visible sPectroPhotometer,UV lamP Performance testing of samPles and insPection in accordance with the national standard of other Performance indicators. The results show that when the Percentage of modi-fied nano-quality PulP accounted for 1% ~1. 5%,its anti-aging ability UV absorPtion is best,modified coatings water resistance,alkali resistance,abrasion resistance and resistance to artificial weathering re-sistance technical requirements are significantly higher than the national standard in suPerior Product.

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