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双语推荐：纯音听力图

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目的探讨听力图正常者是否存在信噪比损失（signal—to—noise ratio loss，SNRloss）现象。方法对2010年3月至2011年4月在四川大学华西医院听力及耳科门诊就诊，主诉为生活环境中聆听言语较困难，但纯音测听、声导抗和常规言语分辨率（word recognition score，WRS）测试结果正常的10名患者进行普通话版噪声下言语测听（Mandarin hearing in noise test，M-HINT），并将结果与现有文献报道的M—HINT正常值进行比较（以结果高于正常值判断为出现了SNR loss现象），评估患者是否存在SNR loss现象。结果在噪声环境中，当噪声来自患者正前方时，10名患者均出现了SNR loss现象；当噪声来自患者右侧或左侧时，9名患者出现了SNR loss现象。结论听力图正常者也可能存在SNR loss现象，对于主诉为生活环境中聆听言语困难者，即使纯音听力图正常也应考虑进行噪声下言语测听（如M—HINT测试），以评估患者是否存在SNR loss现象。
Objective To explore the signal-to-noise ratio loss (SNR loss) of the people with normal pure-tone audiograms .Methods A group of 10 patients were recruited into the study ,who complained they could not hear speech clearly in the real world environment but had normal pure-tone audiograms ,immittance and word rec-ognition score (WRS) results .The Mandarin hearing in noise test (M-HINT ) was administered to them and the results were compared to the normal ranges published in the journal .Results All of them had SNR loss when noise (speech spectrum) came from front of them ,but 9 patients had SNR loss when noise came from 90 degree left or 90 degree right of them .Conclusion The current study showed the patients had speech hearing loss in the noisy envi-ronment ,regardless of whether they had normal audiograms ,immittance and WRS results .So we should pay atten-tion to such patients and adopt some special tests (eg M-HINT) .It is better for us to communicate and counsel with them .

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目的调查80岁以上老人的听力、前庭及视动功能变化。方法用纯音测听及听性脑干反应测试听力功能；用眼震电图及姿势图测试半规管、视动及平衡功能。结果(1)语频听力异常者点84.1%；(2)半规管功能和平衡功能异常者分别为38.5％和74.4％，与60岁组比较，重心晃动的轨迹长，速度大；(3)视动功能检查，80岁以上老人扫视潜伏期延长，跟踪失真度加大。结论随着年龄老化，80岁以上老人半规管、视动、平衡功能，均有不同程度减退，可能是老年人易摔倒的重要原因。
Objective: To investigate audio-vestibular and oculomotor functions of octogenarian. Metbod: The audition were measured with audiometry and auditory beainstem response. The semicrcular, oculomotor and balance functions were examinated by electronystagmography and posturography, Result: (1)The bearing abnormality of speech frequency were 84. 1 percent by audionetry;(2)The abnormal rats of semicircular function and posturogram were 38.5% and 74.4% respectively. The body sway locus and velocity of octogenarians have increased as compared with the group of 60 years old in the posturography;(3)The latency of saccade was prolonged and total hearmonic distortion of pusuit was increased than that of 60 years old in the oculomotor test. Conclusion: The easily fal ing of octogenarians may be related to disturbing of seminircular oculomotor and equilibrational functions.

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目的对大前庭水管综合征（large vestibular aqueduct syndrome,LVAS）患者的听力学特点进行分析,为其早期诊断和干预提供依据。方法对2010年5月~2013年10月经颞骨CT检查确诊为大前庭水管综合征的49例（96耳）患者均进行声导抗、耳声发射、听性脑干反应（ABR）及听性稳态反应（ASSR）检查,其中23例46耳（6岁以上者,均为双侧LVAS）同时行纯音听阈测试。结果 23例（46耳）6岁以上患者中33耳（71.74%,33/46）纯音听阈表现为低中频（2kHz以下）存在明显气骨导差而高频下降型的混合性听力损失,13耳（28.26%,13/46）表现为无气骨导差的感音神经性听力损失;49例96耳鼓室导抗图均为A型,其中5耳可引出声反射;36例68耳（70.83%,68/96）ABR测试在3~4ms处记录到特征性的负相波（ANSR）;46例96耳DPOAE均未通过,ASSR检查多为中、重度听力损失。结论 LVAS患者中耳功能正常,纯音听阈可表现为明显的低频气骨导差而高频下降的混合性听力损失,ABR检查可引出ASNR负相波。
Objective To study the audiological characteristics of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS)and provide evidence for early diagnosis and prevention.Methods Tympanometry,Otoacoustic emission , auditory brainstem response (ABR),auditory steady-state response(ASSR)were performed on the 49 cases of LVAS which were diagnosed by CT scanning from May,2010 to October,2013.Among them,23 cases(46ears)were examined by pure tone andiometry at the same time.ResuIts Pure tone andiometry showed that 33 ears were mixed hearing loss in the 23 cases(46 ears),the air-bone gap was larger at low frequencies than that of at high frequen-cies,15 ears were senserineural hearing loss with no air-bone gap;96 ears were type A tympanogram.Acoustic re-flex were present in 5 ears ;34 cases (68 ears)of LVAS group were detected with ASNR in 3 -4 ms by the ABR testing,the positive rate was 70.8%.ConcIusion Our study indicates that for confirmed LAVS,if the pure tone andiometry shows significant air-bone

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利用听性脑干反应技术研究了胭脂鱼（Myxocyprinus asiaticus）的听觉阈值。通过插入皮下的电极记录了10尾胭脂鱼的短纯音听觉诱发电位。结果显示,在系统最大声强下,胭脂鱼的听频范围为100~5 000 Hz,其中对100～2 000 Hz的声音敏感度较高,最敏感的频率为800 Hz,听觉阈值约为69.8 dB。随着声强的减小,胭脂鱼的听性脑干反应波形最大,振幅减小,潜伏期延长。将10尾胭脂鱼的阈值平均,得到了胭脂鱼的听性脑干反应听力图。胭脂鱼的听力图呈＂U＂形,属于典型的动物听力曲线。研究胭脂鱼的听觉阈值对胭脂鱼物种保护具有重要意义,同时可为评估噪声对胭脂鱼的影响提供数据支持。
Auditory brainstem response (ABR) technic has been widely used to study hearing ability in fishes. In contrast to the behavior and traditional electrophysiology methods, this approach provides the following advan-tages:(1) there is no harm to the animals because it is non-invasive;(2) hearing sensitivity in untrained fish can be determined rapidly; (3) individuals are reusable. Using ABR approach, auditory evoked potentials of 10 Chinese suckers Myxocyprinus asiaticus were recorded using two subcutaneous electrodes. We found that the fish can de-tected tone bursts from 100 to 5 000 Hz. The results showed the best hearing between 100 to 2 000 Hz, and the lowest threshold was 69.8 dB at 800 Hz. There was a positive correlation between the amplitude of the ABR waveform and the stimulus intensity, while there was a negative correlation between latency and stimulus intensity. Threshold values from 10 individuals were averaged to produce audiogram. Similarly to the most audiograms, it is a U

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目的：探讨鼓膜完整的传导性或混合性聋患者的听力学特征。方法回顾性分析资料完整并经手术确诊的30例（42耳）传导性或混合性聋患者的临床资料，结合鼓室探查结果分析其术前纯音测听、静态声导抗、中耳共振频率及CT结果。结果42耳中术前CT显示3耳耳硬化，2耳听骨链畸形，而鼓室探查结果显示耳硬化症30耳、听骨链中断12耳；所有患者纯音测听示0．5、1、2kHz平均骨导阈值为27．5±1．3dBHL，平均气导阈值为67．0±1．8dBHL，平均气骨导差为39．5±1．1dB；42耳中，鼓室A型导抗图占50．0％（21/42），As型占42．9％（18/42），Ad型占7．1％（3/42）；耳硬化症患者的平均中耳共振频率为1079．0±67．4Hz，比听骨链中断患者的平均中耳共振频率（633．3±43．6Hz）高，差异有统计学意义（P＝0．0002）。结论鼓膜完整的传导性或混合性聋患者中耳硬化症最常见，耳硬化症患者的中耳共振频率高于听骨链中断患者。
Objective To investigate audiological characteristics of patients with intact tympanic membranes and conductive or mixed hearing loss .Methods A retrospective study was carried out among 30 patients (42 ears) with intact tympanic membranes and conductive or mixed hearing loss who underwent exploratory tympanotomy . The preoperative outcomes of pure tone audiometry ,tympanometry ,resonant frequency of middle ear and temporal bone CT scan were analyzed .Results Among 42 ears ,30 ears with otosclerosis and 12 ears with ossicular chain dis-ruption were confirmed in exploratory tympanotomy ,but only 5 ears showed positive findings in CT scan .The mean thresholds of bone conduction ,air conduction and air -bone gap at frequencies of 0 .5 ,1 and 2 kHz were 27 .5 ± 1 .3 dB HL ,67 .0 ± 1 .8 dB HL ,39 .5 ± 1 .1 dB HL ,respectively .An analysis of tympanometric data of all patients re-vealed that 50% of all ears (21/42) were type A tympanograms ,42 .9% (18/42) were type As tympanogra

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