信息化是“十二五”规划的主轴，智慧化已经成为趋势。文中对旅游行业的现状进行了分析，得出了旅游智慧化的必然性；然后介绍了智慧旅游的概念及技术；最后从旅游行业的管理部门、景区、酒店和旅行社等四个主要应用群体出发，提出了智慧旅游的解决方案。

The informazation is the spindle of the"Twelfth Five-Year Plan", and the intelligence has become a trend. The current situation of the tourism industry is analyzed, and the inevitability of the intelligence tourism is obtained. The concept and technology of intelligent tourism are introduced. Finally, a solution of intelligent tourism is provided from four major application groups: the management departments, resorts, hotels and travel agencies of the tourism industry.

变通旗制处是清政府在宣统年间成立的解决旗人生计、化除满汉矛盾的机构。在这个以旗人群体为主体的机构中,变通旗制处对清除旗弊、裁撤官缺和筹划八旗生计等事议论颇多,但多未能实施。这反映了旗人群体缺乏政治改革的智慧和魄力,亦是清末旗人群体人才匮乏的一种表征。清政府原藉以化除满汉畛域,反而使这一问题更为凸显,这反映出清末改革的某种困境。

The reform administration of the Eight Banners system, which was setted by the Qing Dynasty, was established to solve the contradiction of Man & Han and provide a living for the people of the Eight Banners. In the administration, Banners was the main groups. This administration''s speech focused on those problem, such as clear drawbacks of Eight Banners Affairs, abolition of Eight Banners official, provide a living for the people of the Eight Banners. But those remarks only stayed in the theoretically. It reflected that Banners community''s lack of wisdom and courage of political reform. Meanwhile, it was a characterization that the Banner men groups lacked of talented person the late Qing. Through the institution, government originally desired to solve the contradiction of Man& Han. However, it make this issue more prominent in finally. The fact reflects some predicament in the late Qing reform.

公开课是教师精心准备并向其他教师或听众开放的一种上课形式，公开课集中体现了开课者及其教学团队的智慧与教学素养，是对过往教学取长补短的结果。开课者可以从公开课的准备、展示与研究中获得教学素养的提升，而听课者则从中领悟与借鉴某一教师群体的教学智慧及教学观，从而使公开课成为教育研究活动。

public class is teacher carefully prepared and open to other teachers or the audience a form of class, the public class focus embodies the wisdom of those classes and teaching team and teaching quality, is the result of the past teaching complement each other.Start from public class preparation, display and research of teaching literacy to ascend, whereas TingKeZhe absorbed with reference to a group of teachers teaching and teaching wisdom, to make public class education research activities.

从劳伦斯·哈普林（Lawrence HALPRIN）人生经历和实践历程出发，阐述了其生态智慧的来源；并通过对其设计作品过程的解读，梳理、总结出其景观实践中体现出的生态智慧。从结合自然的生态方法与以人为本的生态哲学两方面详述了哈普林在景观实践中体现出的超前的场地意识、科学的调查分析和将自然引入城市的理念；并介绍了生态谱记概念、面向过程和集体创作的RSVP方法；最后讨论了哈普林生态智慧对当代的启示体现在对场地的敏锐观察、科学方法与创新思维的统一以及多学科协作的群体智慧。

Based on Lawrence HALPRIN’s life experience and practice course, this article elaborates the ecological wisdom of Lawrence HALPRIN’s landscape practice by analyzing his design works and writings. From 1. Design with nature ecological approach and 2. Human-oriented ecological philosophy, the article expounds Lawrence HALPRIN’s advanced site awareness, scientific investigation tools as wel as the concept of introducing nature to city in his landscape design practice, and introduces his RSVP approach. Finaly, this article discusses the significance of ecological wisdom to contemporary landscape design that lies in the combination of site investigation, scientific approach, innovative thinking, and multidisciplinary teamwork.

运用文献资料法、访谈法、田野调查法等研究方法，对纳西族尤氏部落尚武精神历史变迁进行研究。结论：尚武精神贯穿整个尤氏纳西族群体历史发展过程；各阶段尚武精神因社会环境和族群发展不同而有差异；使尚武精神内含“大一统”和“祖国认同感”思想是尤氏纳西族群体智慧的结晶。建议：借尚武精神变迁，促进了解该部落发展历史；尚武精神应与时俱进；探究纳西族尚武精神核心思想和迈向成熟的标志等。

This paper studies the historical change of martial spirit in You tribe of Naxi with methods of literature,interview and field visits.It concludes that although martial spirit is revealed in the whole history of You tribe,it displays difference in different phases due to social environment and tribal development.The crystal of You tribe wisdom is to include "unification"and "sense of belonging to motherland"within martial spirit.The paper suggests understanding the history of You tribe by tracing the historical change of martial spirit,bringing martial spirit up with the time and identifying its core idea as well as maturing mark.