研究建立了太阳能热电站单罐蓄热器的数学模型,并以蓄热量为优化目标,蓄热器高度、入口处导热油温度和流量为优化变量,通过优化计算得到蓄热器的最优设计条件和最优操作条件。在优化求解过程中,针对解决求解过程中存在局部极小点的问题,本文提出了一种改进型模拟退火算法。在改进型算法中,考虑新状态变量值被接受和被拒绝的统计规律,自适应地调整搜索邻域的大小,有效提高了算法调出局部极小点的能力。仿真结果表明,通过优化计算,确定蓄热器高度和蓄热量的变化有关,考虑设计条件中的经济因素,最优蓄热器高度为2 m。当导热油采用CAFLO油时,最优的入口油温为300℃、最优入口流量为1.5 ml/s时,可以获得最大蓄热量24.87 MJ,使蓄热器处在最佳的工作状态,提高太阳能的利用效率。同时本文比较了改进型模拟退火算法和常规模拟退火算法在改变内循环次数情况下求解的稳定性,计算结果表明,本文提出的算法有相对较好的稳定性。

In this paper, a principle model of a single tank thermocline heat storage system in the solar power tower plant was first constructed. Then, the energy of heat charging was selected as objective, and the height of heat storage tank, the inlet temperature and flow rate of heat transfer oil were set to be optimized. Meanwhile, an improved Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm was proposed to solve this optimal design problem,in which an adaptive searching step was used to prevent the local minimum. The effect of the proposed model and the improved SA algorithm was demonstrated through a case study. The optimal tank height was 2 m when the economic conditions were considered during the design procedure. Meanwhile, in the operation procedure, the optimal inlet temperature of heat transfer oil was 300 oC and optimal flow rate was 1.5 ml/s, as a result, the maximum heat storage energy was 24.87 MJ. Moreover, the normal SA method and the proposed SA method were compared on the stability of opti

针对目前国内日光温室墙体在热工性能设计方法方面存在的不足,该文提出了日光温室三重结构相变蓄热墙体构筑方法;结合试验结果,提出了关于该结构墙体传热性能分析方法及其评价指标。分析结果表明：1）三重结构墙体有着较好的蓄放热性能,利用墙体内侧（温室侧）的相变蓄热材料,可以显著提高墙体太阳能利用率,在太阳日累计辐照量为9.32 MJ/m2下,比参照温室北墙体的有效蓄热量提高了26.6%;夜间,相变温室三重结构墙体的累积供热量比参照温室砌块砖墙体的提高了16.2%,并且该墙体相变材料层的单位体积有效蓄热量为80.0 MJ/m3,是三重结构墙体中砌块砖层有效蓄热量的10倍;2）透过前坡屋面照射在温室北墙内表面太阳能影响墙体温度变化的深度有限,约占0.90 m厚三重结构墙体的33.3%,并且在温室墙体内部存在着温度稳定区,其厚度占0.90 m厚三重结构墙体的61.1%。试验结果表明仅通过增加温室墙体厚度以提高墙体的太阳能显热蓄热效率是非常有限的。该研究结果可为日光温室墙体的合理构筑、相变蓄热技术在日光温室的应用以及温室墙体的相变传热问题分析提供参考。

At present, the wall structures of a Chinese solar greenhouse puts more emphasis upon wall thermal insulation than on heat storage of the wall, such as, brick wall / air layer / brick wall (indoor), brick wall /polystyrene board/brick wall (indoor), rammed earth wall/brick wall (indoor), and so on. In order to solve the problems which existed in the thermal performance design method of the wall structure in a solar greenhouse, the construction method of a three-layer wall with phase-change thermal storage, that is, the inner wall built with the phase change material (PCM) wallboard, the outer insulating layer built with polystyrene board and the middle layer built with block bricks, was proposed in this paper. To quantitatively evaluate the heat transfer performances and heat storage/release characteristics of the three-layer wall, an experimental device used for the heat performance of the three-layer wall was constructed at a vegetable planting base located in Beijing. Combined with

介绍一种用于太阳能空调系统的多级水箱蓄热系统,在对其进行了理论分析的基础上,借助搭建的多级水箱蓄热试验装置,对不同级数系统的性能进行了试验研究。结果表明：随着多级水箱蓄热系统级数的增多,第一级蓄热水箱完成蓄热耗时变短,蓄热量品位逐步提高;在蓄热过程中系统级数越多,理想供热进口水温工作时间越长,但放热过程中情况与之相反。据此提出了系统的优化改进方案,优化改进后的系统对理想供热进口水温工作时间的延长效果明显。

The system of multistage tanks applied to the solar air conditioning was presented .Above the theoretical analyzing , the system of multistage tanks test-bed has been built to study the performance of the multistage tanks system with different series . The results showed that:the heat storage consuming time of the first-stage tank decreased and the heat storage grade improved with increasing the system series , and the time of ideal heating inlet water temperature increased with increasing the system se-ries, in the heat release period , the conclusion is opposite .According to the above conclusion , the optimization strategy for the system of multistage tanks was proposed ,the system after optimization has obvious effect on prolonging the time of ideal heating in-let water temperature .

针对我国低浓度瓦斯浓度波动大,易对斯特林发动机的运行造成冲击等问题,设计了一套蓄热式低浓度瓦斯发电系统,并对其蓄热性能进行试验研究。研究表明,蓄热器在斯特林发动机的加热、运行、停火阶段具有良好的蓄热性能,可使低浓度瓦斯在多孔介质中产生的热量多时储存,少时释放,有效降低由于气源浓度波动导致对斯特林发动机的冲击。蓄热球粒径10 mm工况下蓄热效果最佳,同时斯特林发动机输出功率的波动也明显降低。

Due to the problems in the operation of the Stirling engine caused by a high fluctuation of the low density gas in China,a set of a thermal accumulated type low density gas power generation system was designed and an experiment study on the thermal accumulation performances was conducted.The study showed that the thermal accumulator would have excellent thermal accumulated performances in the heating,operation and stop stages.The thermal accumulator could store the thermal when the low density gas generated too much thermal in the porous medium and could release the thermal when the low density gas generated less thermal in the porous medium.Thus the thermal accumulator could effectively reduce the impacts to the Stirling engine caused by the fluctuations of the gas density.Under the performances of the thermal accumulated ball with particle size of 10 mm,the thermal accumulated effect would be the best.Meanwhile,the fluctuation of the output power from the Stirling engine would be als

为提高主动蓄放热系统集热效率，增强日光温室抵御低温能力，设计了一套主动蓄放热．热泵联合加温系统。白天运行主动蓄放热系统，将北墙获得的太阳辐射能储存到蓄水池中；根据天气情况及蓄水池水温变化适时开启热泵机组，降低主动蓄放热系统循环水温，进而提升其集热效率；夜间室内气温较低时，通过主动蓄放热系统放热。试验结果表明：与对照温室相比，试验温室夜间气温高出5．26～6．64℃；热泵机组制热性能系数COPHPID为4.38～5．17，主动蓄放热系统可为热泵机组热源提供充足的热量，保证理想的热源温度；在日光温室特定的光热环境下，主动蓄放热一热泵联合加温系统的集热效率达到了72．32％-83．62％，总体COPSys值达5．59，节能效果显著。该研究为提高日光温室夜间温度提供了新思路。

The Chinese solar greenhouse has a unique greenhouse structure that regards solar energy as the main energy source, and has characteristics such as high efficiency, energy saving, and low cost. During a cold winter night, air temperature inside a solar greenhouse is low for crop growth, which would affect crop yield and quality, due to the heat-transfer characteristics and heat capacity limit of the north wall. In recent years, in trying to promote the heat storage capacity of the solar greenhouse, the thought of active heat storage-release came forward. Solar energy is a kind of clean renewable energy, but has intermittent and unstable performance when used for greenhouse heating. Meanwhile, the heat collecting efficiency of the solar thermal collector decreases with an increase in operating temperature. Thus, an active heat storage-release system (AHSRS) is difficult to use to ensure an appropriate temperature for a solar greenhouse in a frigid region or when it encounters weather co