目的观察GC护牙素[酪蛋白磷酸肽一非结晶型磷酸钙(CPP-ACP)溶液]预防脱矿液对牙釉质脱矿的效果。方法选取68个因正畸需要拔除的未患龋的前磨牙,均未见牙体表面缺损,彻底清洗后切割成釉质面,打磨成平滑面,保留釉质窗口面,随机分成4组,分别置于0.2%NaF、2%NaF、CPP-ACP、蒸馏水中浸泡7 d,置于脱矿夜中浸泡7 d。进行扫描电镜照射,观察釉质层变化,同时采用电子探针检测仪检测脱矿后釉质层硬组织钙、磷、镁3种元素的分布状况,并进行统计学分析。结果 0.2%NaF、2%NaF、CPP-ACP溶液组牙釉质脱矿率均低于蒸馏水组,且釉质层中钙、磷的含量明显高于蒸馏水组,而镁元素的含量4组无统计学差异,说明0.2%NaF、2%NaF、CPP-ACP均对预防牙釉质脱矿有一定的保护作用。结论 5%CPP-ACP是一种预防牙釉质脱矿的安全有效的措施,其作用与0.2%NaF组相似。

Objective To evaluate the effects of casein osphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in preventing enamel demineralization. Methods Enamel blocks were prepared from premolars extracted from orthodontic patients. The specimens were treated for 30 min daily for 7 days with one of the following agents:deionized water (negative control), CPP-ACP paste, and NaF solutions (positive controls) (0.2% and 2%). After the treatments, the specimens were immersed in a demineralizing solution (pH 4.5) for 7 days. The morphology and depth of the lesion were observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the content of Ca, P, Mg in the demineralized enamel was measured by electron probe micro-analyzer. Results The demineralization rates in all the treatment groups were significantly smaller than those in the control group after 7 days of demineralization. Conclusion The application of CPP-ACP to the enamel surfaces can inhibit enamel demineralization with an equivalent effect to 0.2%NaF.

目的：观察五倍子和氟化物对固定矫治后釉质脱矿的疗效。方法固定矫治前的患者70例纳入实验研究范围，随机分五倍子组35例，氟化物组35例；每组内设实验组和对照组两个亚组，两组患者的实验组在治疗过程中分别用五倍子提取液和氟保护漆涂布牙面，对照组涂生理盐水做空白对照。12个月后评价两组（四个亚组）患者釉质脱矿指数。结果治疗前五倍子组和氟化物组釉质脱矿指数（EDI）：五倍子组（0.023±0.019），氟化物组（0.026±0.021），无统计学意义，两组治疗前釉质脱矿指数无差别；治疗后五倍子组和氟化物组釉质脱矿指数（EDI）：五倍子组（0.082±0.015），氟化物组（0.080±0.013），无统计学意义，两组治疗后釉质脱矿指数无差别；五倍子组同氟化物组的亚组间比较结果相同，釉质脱矿指数差别具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论中药五倍子和氟化物对预防釉质脱矿的疗效相近，均可以用于预防固定矫治过程中釉质脱矿的预防。

ObjectiveObservation of the curative effect of Galla Chinensis and lfuoride on enamel demineralization after ifxed orthodontic treatment. Methods 70 cases of patients were enrolled and divided into two groups(Galla Chinensis group and Fluoride group), and each group of 35 cases divided into two sub groups (Experimental group and Control group) according to left and right.To evaluate the enamel demineralization index. (EDI) of the two groups and four sub groups.ResultsThe EDI before treatment of the two group is (0.023±0.019) and (0.026±0.021),showed no no signiifcant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The EDI after treatment of the two group is (0.082±0.015 )and (0.080±0.013), showed no no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).The two sub group of Galla Chinensis group and Fluoride group had significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion The local application of galla chinensis and lfuoriod can similar effectively control the enamel demineralization.

激肽释放酶4(KLK4)在釉质发生的转换期和成熟早期大量表达,水解基质蛋白,降低牙釉蛋白与羟磷灰石的结合,促进釉质晶体的生长和矿化。如果其基因突变或缺失,将导致釉质发生不全。本文就KLK4的结构、KLK4的表达与生物学功能、KLK4的调控因子、KLK4与釉质发生不全等研究进展作一综述。

Kallikrein 4(KLK4) is a protease expressed during the transition and maturation stages of dental enamel formation. KLK4 can degrade enamel proteins, reduce enamel proteins combination to hydroxyapatite, and promote the enamel crystals growth and mineralization. KLK4 mutations or defects cause hypomaturation amelogenesis im-perfecta. This article reviewed the structure, expression, functions, regulatory factors of KLK4 and its effect on amelogenesis imperfecta.

目的探讨纳米羟磷灰石(nano-HA)溶液与过氧化氢(HP)溶液对釉质表面的影响。方法应用体外牛切牙制备釉质块标本72个,随机分为6组:去离子水(DW)组、HP+DW组、nano-HA+HP组、nano-HA+HP混合组、HP+nano-HA组、nano-HA+DW组。采用扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜观察处理前后的釉质表面结构,X线衍射检测表层釉质晶体结晶度的改变。结果 HP+DW组经处理后,釉质呈明显的脱矿表现,表面粗糙不平,颗粒间隙增大,出现明显孔隙,显微硬度明显降低,结晶度降低。在nano-HA+HP组、nano-HA+HP混合组、HP+nano-HA组处理后的釉质,其表面变得平整,显微硬度较HP+DW组的标本明显增加,结晶度有所增高。结论 HP溶液可以显著改变釉质的表面形态、降低其硬度和结晶度。nano-HA溶液与HP溶液联用特别是混合使用,可显著减少釉质表面的形态改变、降低显微硬度和结晶度。

Objective To explore the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite(nano-HA) solution and hydrogen peroxide (HP) solution on the enamel surface. Methods Seventy-two bovine enamel blocks were randomly divided into six groups: Deionized water(DW) group, HP+DW group, nano-HA+HP group, nano-HA+HP mixed group, HP+nano-HA group, nano-HA+DW group. Before and after the experiment, the samples were subsequently evaluated by microhard-ness tester through scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and X-ray diffraction. Results After the treatment, significant microhardness loss and morphological change of enamel and decreased crystallinity can be ob-served in HP+DW group, in the nano-HA+HP group or nano-HA+HP mixed group or HP+nano-HA group, enamel surface become smooth, microhardness increased significantly than the HP+DW group and the crystallinity bounced. Conclusion HP solution can lead to significant morphology change of the enamel surface, hardness loss and crys-tallinity decreased. The solu

目的：探讨应用Opalustre釉质微调磨和诊室快速漂白法对棕黄色着色型氟斑牙的疗效。方法：将患者有氟斑牙着色的上颌前牙按中线分为两组，随机采用Opalustre釉质微调磨法打磨或Opalustre微打磨后行诊室即刻漂白，通过比色板记录牙齿的颜色，并记录这两种方法对牙齿敏感的影响。结果：Opalustre釉质微打磨后漂白的牙齿颜色比单独釉质微打磨的牙齿颜色更白(＜0.01)，这两种方法牙齿敏感差异无显著性(＞0.05)。结论：Opalustre釉质微调磨法与诊室漂白联合应用治疗氟斑牙效果更好。

Objective To explore the combination of Opalustre enamel microabrasion and in office bleaching for dental fluorosis. Methods The subjects'' maxillary anterior teeth with fluorosis stain were divided into two groups according to tooth midline, each group were treated randomly with enamel microabrasion and enamel microabrasion followed by in office bleaching. The change of tooth color was evaluated by shade guide matching and the tooth sensitivities were compared by sensitive records. Results Enamel microabrasion followed by in office bleaching made the teeth more lighter than only by enamel microabrasion.There was no difference between the two methods for teeth sensitivities. Conclusion enamel microabrasion followed by bleaching was better for changing the color of tooth with fluorosis stained than only enamel microabrasion.