目的：研究基于故障模式与影响分析（FMEA）的血液透析设备的故障管理。方法：利用FMEA作为研究工具,对血液透析设备的故障信息进行研究。针对潜在的故障模式和故障产生的后果,分析其严重程度、故障原因、发生的频度和探测度,参照评价标准进行风险评价。结果：通过效果对比,得出设备的FMEA报告,总结出血液透析设备包括机器在自检、治疗及消毒等不同运行状态下的常见故障模式。结论：FMEA在血液透析设备故障管理中的运用,对于设备预防性维护起到了重要的作用。

Objective:To study based FMEA hemodialysis device fault management. Methods:Using FMEA as a research tool, study hemodialysis equipment failure information. For the consequences of potential failure modes and failure to produce, analyze their severity, cause of the malfunction, the frequency of occurrence and detection, referring to the evaluation criteria for risk assessment. Results: By comparing effect, the report of equipment FMEA was obtained,summed hemodialysis equipment including machines in self-test, treatment and disinfection, such as different operating conditions common failure mode. Conclusion: For used in fault management of hemodialysis equipment, FMEA plays an important role in the equipment preventive maintenance.

轨道电路作为铁路信号系统的关键设备，其可靠性对于保证铁路运输安全极为重要。以 FMEA 理论为基础，提出针对 ZPW-2000A 无绝缘移频轨道电路系统的 FMEA 分析方法；根据轨道电路系统的特性，定义相应的FMEA 分析内容、分析层次划分规则、故障判断依据及严重度、发生度、检测度确定方法，并以此计算风险优先数；结合 ZPW-2000A 无绝缘移频轨道电路系统实际工况，进行 FMEA 分析。结果表明，将 FMEA 运用于轨道电路系统中，可以得到影响系统可靠性的潜在危险因素及薄弱环节，为 ZPW-2000A 轨道电路系统可靠性研究提供一种实用方法和理论依据。

Track circuit is the key equipment of railway signalling systems,and its reliability is ex-tremely important to ensure the safety of railway transportation.On the basis of FMEA theory,a FMEA analysis method for ZPW-2000A Jointless Audio Frequency-shift Modulated Track Circuit system is proposed.The corresponding FMEA content,the division rules of analysis level and fail-ure criterions are defined according to the characteristics of track circuit system,and the confir-ming method of severity,occurrence and detection is also discussed,which is used to calculate the risk priority number (RPN ).Based on the actual working condition of ZPW-2000A Jointless Au-dio Frequency-shift Modulated Track Circuit system,the FMEA analysis is conducted.The re-search indicates that the FMEA method can identify the potential hazards and the weak links which affect system reliability.It provides a practical method and theoretical basis for the reliabili-ty research of ZPW-2000A track circuit system.

目的 探讨应用失效模式效应分析对减少PICC非计划拔管发生率的效果.方法 运用失效模式效应分析(FMEA),寻找PICC非计划拔管中潜在的失效模式,从失效模式发生的可能性、被发现的可能性、失效的严重性等三个维度进行评估,计算RPN值;风险优先排列;计划优化流程;进行前瞻性的行为干预.应用FMEA前选择81例患者作为对照组,应用FMEA后选择98例患者作为实验组,比较2组非计划拔管的发生率.结果 2组非计划拔管发生率比较有显著差异.结论 运用失效模式分析能有效地降低PICC患者非计划拔管的发生率.

Objective To discuss the application effect of FMEA in reduction of unplanned extubation of PICC.Methods FMEA was applied to find out the failure mode of unplanned extubation of PICC,and then assessed it from three dimensions,which were the likelihood of occurrence,the possibility of being discovered,and the seriousness of the failure,and then calculated the RPN values,risk priority,and plan optimization process,at the last made a proactive behavior intervention.81 patients were selected as the control group before the application of FMEA and 98 patients were set as the experimental group after the application of FMEA.The incidence of unplanned extubation was compared between two groups.Results There was statistically significant difference in unplanned extubation between two groups.Conclusions Application of FMEA can reduce the rate of unplanned extubation of PICC.

目的：采用相关风险管理工具对中药栓剂生产风险进行管理。方法：运用FMEA（失效模式和影响分析法）对中药栓剂生产过程进行风险管理。结果：分析中药栓剂生产过程中的风险因素，并制定相应的控制措施。结论：FMEA是一款行之有效的可前瞻性定性、定量的风险管理工具，能较好地控制生产中的风险。

Objective:To use risk management tool for the application of traditional Chinese suppository.Methods: FMEA ( failure mode and effects analysis) was performed on the application in granulating process of traditional Chinese suppository.Results:Analyzed risk forctors in granulating process of traditional Chinese suppository, and developed a corresponding control measures.Conclusion:FMEA is an effective risk management tool which can be used for prospective and quantitative analysis, it can be controlled better the risk of granulating process.

[目的]完善临床输血护理流程，加强临床输血安全管理。[方法]成立输血安全护理管理团队，应用失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)方法，列出输血护理流程的各个步骤，以及各步骤可能发生的失效模式，并计算失效模式的危机值(RPN)，查找目前输血护理流程中存在的危险因素，针对影响安全输血的高危因素，制定改进措施并应用于临床输血过程中。比较实施FMEA 前后 RPN 值及病人安全输血效果。[结果]实施 FMEA 后取血、输血时间不合格率明显下降，护士输血查对实践考核合格率较实施前提高，影响安全输血高危因素的 RPN 值明显下降。[结论]FMEA 模式应用于临床输血护理管理中有利于提高护士评估风险意识与能力，前瞻性地发现流程中潜在的危险因素，提高病人输血护理安全。

Objective:To improve and perfect nursing process of clinical transfusion,enhance the safety management of clinical transfusion.Meth-ods:The blood transfusion safety nursing management team was estab-lished,and the failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)method was used. The various steps of transfusion nursing process were listed and to list failure modes may occur in all steps,and to calculate the crisis of value (RPN)of the failure modes,find out the current risk factors of transfusion nursing process,aiming at the high risk factors of influencing the safety of transfusion,to formulate improvement measures and apply it in clinical transfusion process.To compare the RPN value and safe blood transfusion effect of patients before and after implementation of FMEA.Results:After the implementation of FMEA,unqualified rate of the blood taking and transfusion time decreased,practice examination qualified rate of the nurse check blood transfusion raise before the implementation,RPN va