激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)是一种基于原子发射光谱的元素分析技术,具有"快速、实时、无损、原位"等优势。本文介绍LIBS快速分析的特征;系统综述了该技术在工业、农业、医药、环境、艺术与考古、远程遥感领域快速评价产品质量属性的应用进展,展望了LIBS技术未来的发展空间及中药的应用前景。

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ( LIBS) is an analysis technique based on the elements of atomic emission spectrosco-py,which attributes fast,real-time,non-destructive,in-situ etc.This paper focuses on the fast evaluation characteristic of LIBS and reviews the applications of LIBS ,including industry,agriculture,medicine,environment,art and archeology,remote sensing and stand -off.Finally,future application prospects of the LIBS in potential fields are presented ,especially in Chinese materia medica .

指出了激光击穿光谱（LIBS）是一种新型的元素分析技术，具有灵敏度高、快速、可多元素同时测量并可在线检测等优点，非常适合针对环境中重金属污染物的实时在线检测．利用自行搭建的一套激光击穿光谱实验装置，开展了对烟气、污水、土壤中重金属的LIBS探测的实验研究，实验结果表明：LIBS技术为解决环境中重金属污染物的实时在线检测提供了技术支持，为将该技术利用到环境保护领域奠定了基础．

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ( LIBS) is a new technology of elementary analysis , which has features of fast, real-time, online and simultaneous elemental analysis .So LIBS are well suited for online monitoring heavy metal pollution.In this study, a series of new works were introduced .An experimental facility based on LIBS was built and some heavy metal elements were detected in flue gas , industrial wastewater and contaminated soil respectively .These studies provide a great quantity of experimental evidence and technical support for the LIBS to detect heavy metal pollution real -timely.

用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合光谱检索的方法对石斛茎进行品种鉴别研究。测试了23个品种,165株石斛茎样品的红外光谱,光谱显示,各样品的红外光谱非常相似,石斛茎中的主要成分是纤维素等多糖物质。利用光谱软件Omnic8.0建立了三个光谱数据库Lib01、Lib02和Lib03,Lib01由每个品种前4株样品的平均光谱组成,Lib02由平均光谱的一阶导数光谱组成,Lib03由平均光谱的二阶导数光谱组成。各样品光谱分别与Lib01进行指定在1 800~500cm-1光谱范围的相关性、平方差和平方微分差检索,相关性检索的正确率达到92.7%,平方差检索的正确率达到74.5%,平方微分差检索的正确率达到92.7%。各样品光谱的一阶导数光谱和二阶导数光谱分别与Lib02和Lib03进行指定在1 800~500cm-1光谱范围的平方微分差检索,一阶导数光谱的检索正确率达到93.9%,二阶导数光谱的检索正确率达到90.3%。结果表明,平方微分差算法的一阶导数红外光谱检索更适合于石斛的品种鉴别。红外光谱结合光谱检索的方法能较好的鉴别不同品种的石斛,有望成为简便、易行的植物品种鉴别方法。

The infrared spectral of stems of 165 trees of 23 dendrobium varieties were obtained by means of Fourier transform in-frared spectroscopy technique. The spectra show that the spectra of all the samples were similar,and the main components of stem of Dendrobium is cellulose. By the spectral professional software Omnic8. 0 ,three spectral databases were constructed. Lib01 includes of the average spectral of the first four trees of every variety,while Lib02 and Lib03 are constructed from the first-derivative spectra and the second-derivative spectra of average spectra,separately. The correlation search,the square differ-ence retrieval and the square differential difference retrieval of the spectra are performed with the spectral database Lib01 in the specified range of 1 800~500 cm-1 ,and the yield correct rate of 92. 7%,74. 5%and 92. 7%,respectively. The square differen-tial difference retrieval of the first-derivative spectra and the second-derivative spectra is carried out with Lib02 a

由于地基实际工后沉降与初始设计沉降往往存在很大差异,因此,需要通过分析现场实测沉降资料预测后期沉降。为了进一步提高公路软基沉降预测的准确性,将LIB-SVM模型应用于地基沉降,LIB-SVM通过交叉验证选取的最优参数组合克服了传统SVM模型参数选择的盲目性。根据实例,将LIB-SVM模型预测值和指数模型预测值与现场量测值进行了对照。结果表明,LIB-SVM模型比指数模型有较高的预测精度,该方法在沉降的实际预测中具有可行性。

Due to the great difference between the actual post-construction settlement and initial design settlement ,the analysis of the measured settlement data is needed to predict the late settlement .In order to improve the accuracy of high-way’s soft foundation settlement prediction ,the LIB -SVM model is used to forecast the foundation settlement ,and through using the cross validation to select the optimal parameters combination ,the LIB -SVM model could overcome the blindness of SVM model in parameter selection .Aimed at instances ,the LIB - SVM model’s prediction value and exponential model’s prediction value are compared with the field measuring values .The results show that the LIB - SVM model has higher prediction accuracy than exponential model ,so the method is feasible in the practical prediction of settlement .

本文利用高温拉曼光谱技术和从头计算的方法,研究了LiB3O5和CsB3O5晶体高温熔融体的结构,分析了碱金属阳离子对熔体结构的影响,以及熔体结构的差异与LiB3O5和CsB3O5晶体结晶习性的联系.结果表明：LiB3O5和CsB3O5晶体高温熔融体中的结构基团主要为B3O7和B3O6两种不同类型的硼氧六元环；环内BO4四面体的数量影响了六元环呼吸振动峰的拉曼频率,随BO4四面体数量的增加六元环呼吸振动峰向低频移动；LiB3O5晶体高温熔融体中, BO4四面体含量相对较多；然而,离子半径相对较大的Cs+离子却阻碍了熔体中BO4四面体的形成,造成CsB3O5晶体高温熔融体中BO4/BO3比值的降低.结合 LiB3O5和 CsB3O5晶体生长动力学过程的分析(Wang D, Wan S M et al.2011 Cryst. Eng. Comm.135239),阳离子的不同导致高温熔体中BO4四面体数量的差异,被认为是影响 LiB3O5和 CsB3O5晶体结晶习性的重要因素,有效降低高温熔体中BO4四面体的数量,将是实现LiB3O5晶体生长的关键条件.

LiB3O5 and CsB3O5 are two excellent nonlinear optical borate crystals containing [B3O7] groups. With a difference of aikali metal ions in structure, LiB3O5 and CsB3O5 exhibit different crystallization habits. The former is an incongruent compound, which cannot crystallize from its melt; however, the latter is a congruent compound obtained by cooling its melt directly. In this work, using Raman spectroscopy and ab initio calculation, the structures of LiB3O5 and CsB3O5 melts have been investigated, and then the influence of alkali metal ions on melt structures is discussed, finally, the relationship between crystallization habits of LiB3O5 and CsB3O5 and their melts is proposed. Results suggest that the boron oxide species of LiB3O5 and CsB3O5 melts are in the form of six-membered rings B3O7 and B3O6 ( O represents a bridging oxygen); Raman frequency of the symmetric breathing vibration of six-membered rings shifts to low frequency with the addition of BO4 tetrahedrons in rings; the rel