生物柴油副品油酸的高值化利用是降低生物柴油成本的有效途径之一,为了充分利用生物柴油副品油酸中的壬二酸,用基于超临界流体技术(SCCO2)的固相缩聚方法可制得超高相对分子质量的尼龙69等高分子材料。SCCO2不仅可以作为增强SSP过程的介质使用,还可以有效地将缩聚物(如水等小分子缩聚物)脱除,促进反应的进行,因此测定水在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度对研究SCCO2增强的SSP过程具有重要意义。文中采用静态法测定了水在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度,温度为313.15,333.15,353.15,373.15 K,压力为8.0—18.0 MPa,溶解度(摩尔分数)为0.254%—1.414%;探究了温度、压力对溶解度的影响,结果表明:溶解度随温度、压力的升高而升高;利用PR状态方程和Chrastil修正模型对溶解度进行了计算,结果表明溶解度的计算值和实验值吻合良好,平均相对误差分别为4.63%和5.89%。

The high value utilization of oleic acid of inferior-quality product is one of the effective ways to reduce the cost of biodiesel,and in order to make full use of azelaic acid of inferior-quality product in biodiesel,solid state polycondensation (SSP)based on supercritical fluid technology can be used for the preparation of polymer materials with ultra-high relative molecular mass,such as nylon 69 .SCCO2 can not only enhance the SSP process as a medium,but also can effectively remove the polycondensate (such as water),and promote the reaction,so the determination of water solubility in SCCO2 for the research of enhanced SSP process by SCCO2 is of great significance.The solubility of water in SCCO2 was measured by the static method at 313.15,333.15,353.15 and 373.15 K and pressures 8.0-18.0 MPa,and the effect of temperature and pressure on the solubility was investigated.The experimental results show that the solubility data range from water mole fraction of 0.254%(313.15 K,8.0 MPa)to 1

结合高压静态法和紫外分光光度法,确定以乙腈为参比溶液,建立了波长为227nm处HMX/乙腈溶液的工作曲线,测定出不同温度(308.15~328.15 K)和不同压力(8~23 MPa)下,HMX单质炸药在超临界二氧化碳流体(SCCO2)中的溶解度曲线。结果发现:在相同温度下,HMX溶解度随着压力的升高而迅速增大,且高温阶段其溶解度的增幅比低温阶段的要大;在相同压力下,存在一个转变压力(Pvert=9 MPa),当小于Pvert时,HMX溶解度随温度增加而降低,当大于Pvert时,其溶解度随温度升高而增大。本实验测定范围内,每克CO2最多可溶解135.727μg HMX。

Using high pressure static state method and UV spectrum measurement,the solubility( tempera-ture of 308. 15K-328. 15K,and pressure of 8MPa-23MPa )of HMX in supercritical carbon dioxide( SC-CO2 )were studied with the reference solvent of methyl cyanide at the wave length of 227nm. It is conclu-ded that the solubility of HMX rises rapidly as the pressure increases at the same temperature,and the sol-ubility amplitude of high temperature state is higher than that of low temperature state. Nevertheless,there is a convert pressure( Pvert )at the same pressure,ie,with the decreasing of temperature,the solubility of HMX falls when the pressure is lower than Pvert ,and increases when the pressure is higher than Pvert . Mo-reover,under the condition of this experiment,the highest solubility of HMX is 135. 727 μg/gCO2.

通过溶液浇铸法制备了聚乙烯醇（PVOH）/微纤化纤维素（MFC）复合薄膜材料，以超临界二氧化碳(scCO2)为物理发泡剂，采用间歇式降压法制备了一系列PVOH/MFC复合微发泡材料，主要讨论了在没有水分的影响下，不同发泡温度和时间以及MFC含量对PVOH/MFC复合微发泡材料的泡孔形貌、泡孔尺寸和泡孔密度的影响；同时，也对MFC的分散性和PVOH/MFC复合材料的流变性能和热性能对发泡行为的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明，均匀分散在PVOH基体中的MFC作为异相成核剂提高了气孔成核能力，且随着MFC含量的增加，泡孔尺寸降低，泡孔密度增大；并研究了发泡温度对PVOH/MFC复合材料的发泡形貌的影响，获得最优发泡温度。

The effect of microfibrillated cellulose content and foaming temperature and time on the foaming behavior of dry poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)/ microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) composites was investigated. PVOH/MFC composites were prepared by the solution film casting method and foamed via the batch depressurization foaming process with a physical blowing agent supercritical CO2. The rheological properties and thermal properties of PVOH/MFC composites were characterized. Microfibrillated cellulose fiber acted as nucleating agent during the foaming process, and there was an optimum processing temperature for achieving high-quality cellular morphology of the PVOH/MFC composites.