目的 评价雷公藤甲素(TPT)对诱导调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg细胞)的影响和抑制同种大鼠移植肾急性排斥反应的作用及其可能机制.方法 利用磁珠分选纯化大鼠CD4+T淋巴细胞,观察TPT抑制CD4+T淋巴细胞增殖和促进其凋亡的效应;经抗CD3单抗和抗CD28单抗共刺激与转化生长因子β1 (TGF-β1)的联合作用诱导Foxp3+ Treg细胞的分化,在分别加入不同剂量的TPT、环孢素A或撤除抗CD3单抗刺激因素的条件下,检测Foxp3表达水平的变化.建立同种大鼠肾移植急性排斥反应模型,受者腹腔注射TPT,观察移植肾组织淋巴细胞浸润和脾脏淋巴细胞亚群的变化及移植肾存活时间.结果 TPT剂量依赖性的抑制CD4+T淋巴细胞的增殖和促进活化的细胞凋亡;与环孢素A相比,TPT对TGF-β1诱导的Foxp3+ Treg细胞有增强作用;在撤除抗CD3单抗刺激刺激的条件下,TPT进一步诱导CD4+T淋巴细胞表达Foxp3; TPT减少移植肾组织CD3+、CD4+、CD25+T淋巴细胞的浸润程度,增加脾脏Foxp3+T淋巴细胞的比例,并延长同种大鼠移植肾的存活时间(P＜0.05).结论 TPT可促进CD4+T淋巴细胞分化为Foxp3+ Treg细胞,可能是TPT发挥免疫抑制作用的机制之一.

Objective Triptolide (TPT),a component of the Chinese herb Triptergium wilfordii,has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity and is clinically used in recipients of kidney transplantation.This work aimed to investigate the effect of TPT on the differentiation of regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) from CD4+ cells in rats and on preventing rejection in vivo.Method MACS-purified rat CD4+ cells were costimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence of TGF-beta1 to induce the expression of Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) that was detected by ? ow cytometry.TPT and cyclosporine A (CsA) were separately added into the cultures to observe the effect on the expression of FoxP3.Kidney transplantation was performed on rats that either received no treatment or were treated with TPT after transplantation.Result TPT treatment enhanced the expression of Foxp3 in CD4+ cells,whereas CsA inhibited the Foxp3 expression.In the rat kidney transplantation model,the recipient rats treated with TPT

以三平移并联机器人为研究对象,建立3TPT机构参数、机构误差以及动平台位姿误差的关系方程;在求解位姿误差正解模型的基础上,对其精度补偿进行了较系统的研究,从理论上推出一种机构位姿精度补偿的方法。该方法通过对机器人支链驱动杆补偿量的控制,来提高输出位姿精度。通过典型实例校核证实了该方法的有效性。研究结果为机器人的实际精度补偿与精度控制提供了新的理论,对于优化3TPT并联机器人的机构设计有重要意义。

Taking a 3-DOF translational parallel robot mechanisms as the research object,the accurate model of parallel robot mechanisms was established by the differentiation of the kinematics. The effects of length error of driving poles,structure size change and posture change on the accuracy of robot were studied by simulations. An accuracy compensation method of 3-DOF translational par-allel robot mechanisms was proposed theoretically by using the forward error model of translational parallel mechanisms. The purpose of improving the output position and pose accuracy of parallel mechanisms was realized,with controlling telescopic link of parallel mecha-nisms. At last,the compensation method which provided a foundation for practical error and control of the mechanism was proved effec-tively by example. The new theory is meaningful and profound to optimize the mechanism design of 3TPT parallel robot.

光伏组件作为光伏发电系统的核心部分,其可靠性评估显得极为重要。从光伏组件结构入手,分析组件可靠性影响因素,并从基于历史数据可靠性评估、基于加速试验可靠性评估和基于加速退化试验可靠性评估三个方面,讨论光伏组件可靠性评估方法的特点,结合目前评估方法中存在的问题,指出对EVA-Si-TPT型光伏组件宜采用基于历史数据的可靠性评估方法,而对其他类型的更新速度较快、使用寿命长的光伏组件,结合光伏组件失效机理宜采用基于加速试验的可靠性评估方法;若运用加速试验在到达应力极限值时仍未能获得足够的失效数据,则应考虑采用加速退化试验。

As the core part of Photovoltaic ( PV) generation system ,the assessment of PV modules reliability is the great impor-tance.Starts with the structure of PV modules and analyzes the factors affecting PV modules reliability ,then discusses the charac-teristic and development of the assessment of PV modules based on historical data ,accelerated test and accelerated degradation test.Lastly,it points out that should use the assessment method based on historical data for the EVA -Si-TPT modules,and use the method based on accelerated test for the modules which are update rapidly and fail slowly .If do not get enough failure data use accelerated test ,accelerated degradation test should be considered .

采用高效液相色谱串联质谱建立了武夷岩茶样品中草甘膦的残留量的测定方法。样品经水固相萃取和茶叶专用萃取柱(TPT)净化后,在硼酸盐缓冲液中与9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯(FMOC-Cl)进行衍生化反应,以1%乙酸铵溶液和乙腈为流动相,质谱检测采用电喷雾正离子化模式和多反应监测模式。结果表明,草甘膦在1~10 ng/mL范围内线性良好,线性相关系数r=0.998。通过对空白武夷岩茶样品进行4个加标水平的添加回收实验(n=5),草甘膦的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为87.3%~98.0%和3.46~5.12。

A method for determination of glyphosate residues in Wuyi rock tea was developed using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. The procedure is as follow,the glyphosate were extracted with water from samples, and purified using TPT. Then derivatization reaction was done in borate buffer with fluorenylmethylchloroformate(FMOC - Cl). Using 1% solution of ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as the mobile phase, mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in positive ionization mode and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The results showed that the linear correlation coefficient r = 0. 998 when glyphosate is between1ng - 10ng/ mL. Wuyi blank samples were used in added recovery experiment at four spiked levels(n = 5),the average recovery of glyphosate were 87. 3% to 98. 0% . The relative standard deviation(RSD)were 3. 46 to 5. 12.

以聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBT）合成用催化剂钛酸四丁酯（TBT）、钛酸四异丙酯（TPT）为对比，考察了自制钛系催化剂TY-3在PBT合成中对酯化时间、馏出液中四氢呋喃（THF）含量、缩聚时间、切片性能等的影响。实验结果表明，在相同用量情况下，使用自制钛系催化剂TY-3合成PBT，酯化及缩聚时间最短，馏出液中THF含量最少，PBT切片产品的色度最好，其最佳用量为70～80mg／kg。中试试验效果较好，有望应用于工业生产中。

Comparing with traditional catalysts used for synthesis of polybutylene terephthalate(PBT) such as tetrabutyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate,effects of self-made titanium-based catalyst TY-3 on esterification time,THF content in distillate, polycondensation time and PBT properties were investigated. The results show that under same conditions,when TY-3 is used for synthesizing PBT,esterification and polycondensation time are shortest,THF content in distillate is least,chrominance of PBT is best. The best content of TY-3 is 70~80 mg∕kg. The effects of pilot test with TY-3 are better and TY-3 is expected to be applied to industrial production.