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双语推荐:长安

长安对于宋人而言,是边陲之地,也是衰败的前朝故都,故宋代诗词中写实者极少。长安一词在宋人诗词中以用典方式居多,对其使用,代表了当时文人对来自前代文学作品和历史故事的印象和记忆。长安单独出现,常借指汴京或临安,或象征个人功业。以此为基础,长安常见的搭配是以"望长安"表达望阙,由"长安道"引申为奔走或行役。而后世文学中的长安意象,其意义基本延续自宋代。
In the eyes of the people of Song Dynasty , the city of Chang ’ an (长安) is located in the northwestern borderland , a deserted capital city of the preceding empires .Therefore this place is rarely depicted in the Song Poetry.As a matter of fact, the name “Chang’an” is often cited as a literary allu-sion by the authors of that time , who recalls from their memories of the ancient literatures or histories they have read.Hence, the word Chang ’ an, in its context at that time , actually refers to Bianjing (汴京) or Lin’ an(临安) , the fact capital cities of Song Empires , and more often than not , it is symbolic of per-sonal career success .In this case , the poets often “gaze out at Chang ’ an” in their poetry to imply their ambition for fame and wealth , and the “Road to Chang ’ an” has become a synonym for errands or busi-ness trips.This connotation of Changan , since Song Dynasty , has been shared by the Chinese authors for the generations to come .

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在中唐诗人刘禹锡坎坷的一生中,长安是一个不可或缺的因素。文章以刘禹锡谪居外省期间与长安有关的诗歌为研究对象,探究其诗歌作品内容、情感和诗人的心态,从而论证长安这一特殊地域与刘禹锡诗歌创作的密切关系。
Chang-an plays an important role in the poetry of Liu Yuxi .The paper tries to analyze the Liu Yuxi''s poetry about Chang-an when he was banished so as to discuss its content , emotions and attitudes of the poets and discusses the intimate relationship between Chang -an and Liu Yuxi''s poetry.

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西安话遇通入摄知系字有[pfu]和[tsou]两种异读形式,其形成与历史上金元战乱导致的长安人口重建有关,是由晋南移民方言与长安当地方言接触、叠置而成。根据关中、晋南方言遇通摄知系字读音类型的地理分布和有关历史移民的文献记载,可推断[tsou]为长安本地方言固有的层次,[pfu]为晋南移民带入的外来方言层次。
Pronunciations Yu(遇),Tong(通),She(摄),and Zhi(知)in Xi''an Dialect have got two variations,which resulted from the population rebuilding because of the wars between Jin and Yuan in history,or,to be precise,the contacting and superimposing of immigrants from southern Shanxi and locals of Chang''an.Based on the pronunciations of Yu(遇),Tong(通),She(摄),and Zhi(知)in the geographical spreading and documents on immigration in Guanzhong and southern Shanxi,I suppose that [tsou]is inherently the local dialect in Chang''an,while [pfu]the immigrant dialect from south-ern Shanxi.

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本文介绍了舒兰市长安堡铜钼矿区水系沉积物异常特征和矿区土壤地球化学异常特征。通过对长安堡铜钼矿区区域地球化学特征进行分析,结合区内成矿地质条件,认为Mo异常规模较大,浓集中心明显,可优选做为找矿靶区。该结论对这一地区寻找铜钼矿床具有一定的指导意义。
This paper introduces the anomaly characteristics of the stream sediment and soil geochemical anomaly characteristics of Chang`anpu copper, molybdenum mining area, Shulan City of Jilin Province. Through the analysis of regional geochemical characteristics of copper molybdenum mining area, with ore-forming geological conditions in this area, it is considered that there are larger Mo anomalies, clear concentration, can be optimized as prospecting target area. The conclusion for copper molybdenum deposit in this region has a certain guiding signiifcance.

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文化地理学对景观"含义"的追索和对"地方感"的关注,使其成为探究城市气质的极佳视角,而文学作品中的地理信息、主观性及对地方"意义"的赋予使文本成为文化地理学者探析城市气质的重要资源.长安应制诗作为长安城"轴心时期"的典型文化地理文本,在探赜长安气质方面具有极佳的信度和效度.应制诗人有独特的"地方感",在水平向度极尽"视觉占领",在垂直向度崇"高",同时具有极强的"中心"意识,表现出长安庄严威重、雍容大气的帝京气象;诗人在中和理念的指引下对文化景观精心搭配,并在诗中描绘富于精致格调的城市习俗,钟毓出长安城刚柔相济、精雅浪漫的独特气质.
Cultural geography is the best perspective from which to explore the disposition of a city because of its focus on“meaning” and“local sense” .Researchers on cultural geography consider literay works to be the best resources for them to explorea city’ s disposition because of the geographical information ,subjectivity and the local meaning in the literal texts .As the typical texts of “Axis Age” of Chang’an city ,Yingzhi poems are the most valid and reliable literal texts through which to explore Chang’an disposition .Yingzhi poets ,with the unique local sense and“Central Consciousness” ,described the magnificent and graceful disposition of Chang’ an city .In addition ,Yingzhi poets arranged scapes carefully and described the exquisite customs in their poems ,displaying the flexible ,elegant and romantic disposition of Chang’an city .

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长安历史文化教学团队①从注重地方特色资源、注重团队优势、注重培养学生素质与能力的理念出发,构建了以长安历史文化为主要内容,且体系科学、结构合理、具有显著地域特色的课程群。课程建设遵循重传统文化普及、重地方历史文化传播、重实践与创新等原则,利用公选课通识教育平台,对教学模式、教学手段、教学方法、考核方式等进行了尝试性的改革与实践,探索出了有效的教学与实践模式,效果良好。
The teaching team has established curriculum of Chang''an history and culture , with scientific system , ra-tional structure , and significant geographical features , focusing on local features resources , team strengths , the cul-tivation of students''quality and ability .Curriculum construction followed the principle of attaching importance to the popularity of traditional culture , to spreading local history and culture , and to practice and innovation .It explores effective teaching and practice patterns with good effect , by attempting to reform teaching mode , teaching methods , and assessment , etc.

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文章梳理了1949年之后建筑学领域对西汉长安建筑的研究,对建筑复原、历史理论研究的成果进行了综述,希望为建筑学界研究此领域提供参考。
The paper combs the research of Chang''an building in western Han dynasty in architecture field after 1949, and summarizes the research results of architecture recovery and historical theory, hoping to provide reference for building academic research on this field.

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北朝关中地区出土的造像碑比较多,且比较集中。造像题记书法形成的"长安书体",以"结体宽博,横平竖直,有着隶书遗法,书风端正疏朗、纯厚优雅,简朴超逸之美"等特征在魏碑书体中占有重要地位,它的形成有多种因素。通过对民族关系、刻工、汉画像石的继承、多人合作的二次艺术等方面的分析,旨在说明"长安书体"的形成与北方各少数民族的融合和智慧有密切关系,这些少数民族对中国书法史的发展也具有一定贡献。
There are many statues formed in the Northern Dynasty in Guanzhong region.The calligraphy on the statues is formed the Chang’an calligraphy style which is inherited some characters of Li Calligraphy.Chang’ an calligraphy style is in the prominent position among Weibei Style because of its beautiful features such as broad structure, horizontal and vertical, upright and lichtung, rich and elegant, simple and graceful.The paper is analyzed its cause of formation based on the national relation, crafts-men, inheritance of statues stone from the Han dynasty, secondary art by many people cooperation and so on.It summarizes that northern Ethnic minorities’ fusion and wisdom are important for forming the Chang’ an calligraphy style and the ethnic minorities had made a certain contribution to the development of Chinese calligraphy.

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通过对西安市长安区25个乡镇的人口、GDP数据信息进行收集、归纳,运用GIS克林格空间插值、trends地统计以及线性回归方法对其进行分析.结果表明:长安区各乡镇城镇化发展不平衡,经济发展指数表现出"北高南低"特征,且与城镇化发展指数成正相关;区域自然条件、区位条件、科技人才资本以及行政规划是影响其空间差异的主要因素.县域城镇化中,需重视并发挥城郊区域产业发展,完善基础设施;在制定区域整体层面政策时,应考虑不同区域制定差异性,促进县域城镇化的平衡发展.
The population of the 25 townships in Chang’an District of Xi’an,GDP data were collected and summarized, which were analyzed by using the GIS Kriging spatial interpolation,trends geostatistical analysis and linear regression. The results show that the township imbalance in the development of urbanization the Chang’an District,economic development index showed a typical character with higher value in the north and lower in the south,and was positively corelated to the development and urbanization index. Regional natural conditions,geographical conditions,science and technology talent and the capital,the administrative planning are the main factors affecting the spatial difference.

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从历代王维诗画接受中可见,王维在生前和身后都享有很高的声誉,因此以王维文化为核心的旅游资源开发是切实可行而且大有前途的。而王维文化开发中首当其冲的应是蓝田辋川别墅,这既是对王维文化、长安文化的弘扬,也有利于提高地方文化品位,提升国民文化素养,并直接促进地方经济的发展,造福子孙后代。然而目前的开发程度显然滞后,因此,当务之急应是吸引多方资金,邀请各类专家,逐步在蓝田开辟王维足迹、诗作旅游线路,并结合当地山川风光,溶洞奇景,综合打造知名精品旅游线路,在全国唱响长安文化生态旅游。
From the acceptance of Wang Wei''s poems and paintings in history we find that he enjoys a high repu-tation either in his lifetime or after his death .Therefore developing the tourism resources with Wang Wei as the core is optimistic, among which Wangchuan villa should be given the first priority .It will not only promote the Wang Wei culture and Chang ’ an culture , but also help improve the quality of local culture and enhance national cultural aware -ness, and directly promote local conomic development .We should now attract investment from various channels and ask for ideas from all kinds of experts , then open tour routes of Wang Wei ’ s footprint and poetry in Wangchuan of Lantian, and finally make them popuplar routes integrated with local special scenery of mountains , rivers and caves , and create a famous brand of Chang''an cultural and ecological tourism .

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