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双语推荐：高氯酸钠

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高铁酸钾是一种新型绿色高效的水处理剂,为了探索经济、高效的制备高铁酸钾的工艺,以次氯酸钙为主要原料通过氧化反应制备高铁酸钾,考察反应时间、反应温度、次氯酸钙用量、重结晶温度和碱度等因素对产率的影响,并采用红外光谱对产物高铁酸钾进行表征。实验结果如下：当反应温度为25℃,次氯酸钙的用量为理论值的1.2倍,反应时间为40 min,在冰水浴中重结晶时,反应产率可达75%以上;红外光谱（FT-IR）对产物的结构表征证明合成产物为高铁酸钾。结果表明以次氯酸钙代替次氯酸钠制备高铁酸钾的工艺是可行的。
The potassium ferrate is a new high efficient-green water treatment agent. In order to explore the economic and efficient preparation technique,the potassium ferrate was preparated by the oxidation reaction with calcium hypochlorite as the raw material. The influence of reaction time and temperature,the amount of calcium hypochlorite,recrystallization temperature and alkalinity on yield was investigated. The structure of potassium ferrate was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results show that the yield of potassium ferrate is more than 75% when reaction temperature is 25℃,reaction time is 40 min,ecrystallization temperature is 0℃ and the calcium hypochlorite dosage is 1.2 times to the theoretical value. Infrared spectroscopy structure characterization of the product indicated that the synthesized product is potassium ferrate,and it’s feasible that used calcium hypochlorite instead of sodium hypochlorite to preparate the potassium ferrate.

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目的建立HPLC芬戈莫德胶囊含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定芬戈莫德胶囊中芬戈莫德的含量。选用色谱柱为Agilent TC-C18,流动相为高氯酸钠溶液（0.1 mol/L高氯酸钠水溶液,高氯酸调节pH值为2.8）∶甲醇∶乙腈（93∶7∶100）;检测波长215 nm,流速1.5 ml/min;进样量10μl。结果芬戈莫德浓度线性范围为0.0499～0.1499 mg/ml（r=0.9998）;样品平均回收率为100.01%（RSD=0.46%,n=3）。结论本法操作简便,重现性好,准确性高,可用于芬戈莫德胶囊的含量测定质量控制。
Objective To establish a method for determining the contents of fingolimod in fingolimod capsules by High Performance Liquid Chromatography( HPLC). Methods HPLC was used to determine the contents of fingolimod in fingolimod capsules. The selected column was Agilent TC-C18,and the mobile phase was sodium perchlorate solution(0. 1 mol/ L aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate,and the pH value of perchloric acid had been adjusted to 2. 8):methanol :acetonitrile(93:7:100);the detection wavelength was 215 nm with a flow rate of 1. 5 ml/ min;the sample size is 10 μl. Results The linear range of concentration of fingolimod was 0. 0499 ~ 0. 1499 mg/ ml(r = 0. 9998);the average recovery rate of samples was 100. 01%(RSD = 0. 46% ,n = 3). Conclusion This method is simple with high reproducibility and high accuracy,and can be used to determine the contents of fingolimod in fingolimod capsules for quality control.

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采用氢氟酸、高氯酸分解,并赶尽高氯酸,用王水溶解,稀释后在等离子体发射光谱上测定的方法测定岩石矿物中稀土氧化物总量。具有灵敏度高、回收率好和分析速度快等特点,并且成本很低,适用于实验室中批量检测。
Using the hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid decomposition, and perchloric acid, dissolution by aqua regia, the rare earth oxides in rocks and minerals were determined by plasma emission spectrum determination meth-od. The method had the advantages of high sensitivity, good recovery rate and the analysis of the characteristics of fast speed, and low cost, suitable for mass detection laboratory.

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本文论述了由TO水溶液与高氯酸银水溶液反应制备高氯酸二(1,2,4-三唑-5-酮)合银(I)一水合物的方法.描述了用元素分析、单晶分析法和粉末X-射线衍射法对其结构分析的结果.通过采用DSC、TG-DTG和红外光谱分析,提出了标题化合物的热分解机理.
Ag(TO)2]ClO4·H2O was prepared by mixing the aqueous solution of 1,2,4-triazol-5-one and silver perchlorate. It was characterized by element analysis, single crystal diffraction analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The thermal decomposition mechanism of the coordination compound has been studied from the DSC, TG-DTG curves and IR measurement. (TO:1,2,4-triazol-5-one)

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目的：建立高效液相色谱（high efficiency liquid chromatography，HPLC）法测定交沙霉素原料药中主组分的含量。方法采用十八烷基键合硅胶柱（C18）为固定相，以高氯酸溶液（取高氯酸钠-水合物119g，加水至1000 mL，用1mol/L的盐酸调节 pH 值为2．5）-乙腈（60∶40）为流动相。柱温为40℃，检测波长为231nm，进样量为20μL。结果交沙霉素主组分在考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好，线性范围为0．1255～0．8785g/L（r ＝1．0000），平均回收率为99．7％。定量限为2．51ng，最低检出限为0．84ng。结论 HPLC 可用于交沙霉素原料药中主组分含量的测定，快速简便，准确可靠，灵敏度高。
Objective A high efficiency liquid chromatography method was established for the determination of principal component crude drug josamycin.Methods A octadecyl bonded silica column was used as the stationary phase,with the mobile phase of mixture of perchloric acid solution-acetonitrile (60∶40)at the detection wavelength of 231nm.The column temperature was 40℃ and the injection volume was 20μL.Results The principal component of josamycin showed a linear range within 0.125 5- 0.878 5g/L (r = 1.000 0).The average recovery was 99.7%.The quantitation and detection limits were 2.51ng and 0.84ng,respectively.Conclusion The method was rapid,simple,accurate,sensitive,and suitable for the determination of principal component in crude drug josamycin.

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采用高氯酸/乙酸酐引发四氢呋喃阳离子开环聚合制备出聚四氢呋喃，并用均匀设计法研究了各工艺参数的影响，通过多元逐步回归的方法对结果进行分析得到聚四氢呋喃产物相对分子质量的预测方程，同时评价了聚合过程中高氯酸加入量、乙酸酐加入量及聚合时间对产物相对分子质量和相对分子质量分布的影响。研究发现，在选取的研究范围内，乙酸酐加入量、高氯酸加入量和聚合时间对聚四氢呋喃产物相对分子质量影响的显著性依次降低，其中聚合时间的影响可以忽略；聚四氢呋喃的相对分子质量分布则几乎不受工艺参数的影响。
Polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) was synthesized by cationic ring-opening polymerization of THF initiated by HClO4/acetic anhydride. The effects of polymerization parameters,such as adding amount of HClO4,acetic anhydride,and polymerization time,on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of PTHF were studied with uniform design. Relevant data were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression. The significance of adding amounts of acetic anhydride,HClO4 and polymerization time on molecular weight of PTHF reduced in sequence,with negligible influence of polymerization time. At the same time,molecular weight distribution of PTHF could not be affected by technological parameters.

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比较了高氯酸、硝酸一氢氧化钾和超纯水3种基质对香樟叶片中氟化物浸提效果以及氟离子选择电极法定量方式之间的差异，同时尝试了离子色谱法。结果表明，间歇超声45min浸提满足测定要求，标准加入法定量结果更可信。高氯酸基质曲线在不同日期制备的曲线重合度、斜率转化系数和日间偏差不如其他2种基质，但操作简单，浸提效果好，可通过测定前调节pH值和添加总离子强度调节剂改善；硝酸一氢氧化钾浸提效果与高氯酸的相当或更好，精密度好，但操作步骤多；超纯水浸提平均效果是其他2种的80％，叶片氟化物含量较低时与酸浸提效果相近；氟离子选择电极法与离子色谱法对叶片氟化物测定结果差异甚大，原因待查。
Three different extraction methods (perchloric acid,nitric acid-potassium hydroxide and ultrapure water)were compared in determination of fluoride content in camphor leaves.In addition,instrument analysis methods including ion-selective electrode and ion chromatography were discussed.The extraction was assisted by ultrasonic for 45min,discontinuously.Perchloric acid extraction got the most efficiency,but coincidence degree of curves prepared on different days,daytime deviation and the slope of the conversion coeffi-cient were not as good as another two,but these disadvantages could overcome by adjusting pH and ionic strength before analysing;Ni-trate acid -potassium hydroxide method got similar efficiency as perchloric acid extraction,better precision,but more steps in determi-nation procedure;ultrapure water extraction average effect is 80% of the former two.The results of ion-selective electrode and ion chromatography varied greatly,which needed further investigation.

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利用硝酸和高氯酸的氧化作用，将溶液中的磷氧化为正磷酸。在1.6～2.5N硝酸和高氯酸介子中，正磷酸与钼酸铵生成1：12的磷钼杂多酸铬合物。该铬合物用抗坏血酸还原成磷钼蓝，用光度法测定。680nm波长处有较大吸收，摩尔吸光系数ε=1.34×104· L·mol-1·cm-1,磷含量在0.8μg·ml-1范围内符合比耳定律，方法具有灵敏度高，选择性好，速度快等特点，用于测定锰铁中微量组分磷，结果满意。
the solution containing phosphorus is oxidized to become orthophosphate using nitric acid and perchloric acid oxidation. In the 1.6 ~ 2.5N nitric acid and perchloric acid meson, phosphoric acid and ammonium molybdate form phosphomolybdic, heteropoly acid chromium 1:12 complexes. The chromium complexes with ascorbic acid return to molybdenum blue by spectrophotometry, which is ab-sorbed by 680-nm-wavelength spectrum. The molar absorptivity ε=1.34 × 104 L o mol-1 o cm-1, phosphorus content in 0.8μg o ml-1 range in accordance with beer''s law. This method featuring high sensitivity, good selectivity, high rate, determines the trace of components of phosphorus in ferromanganese. The effect on it is satisfying.

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采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定马铃薯中铬含量，采用了一种新的前处理方法（硝酸＋硫酸＋过氧化氢）的湿法消解法，并与传统湿法消解法（硝酸＋高氯酸）作对比。结果表明，新的湿法消解法测得铬的含量略高于传统消解法测得铬的含量，加标回收率在92.7%~99.2%，精密度RSD为1.7135%，都优于传统的湿法消解法，避免了危险性较大的高氯酸，且反应温和，操作安全，简单，消解完全，结果准确，可以作为选择方法在实际工作中应用推广。
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine content of chromium, and a comparison was made between a new wet digestion( nitric acid,hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid)and traditional wet digestion( nitric acid and perchloric acid)for pretreatment. The results showed that the content of Cr measured with new wet digestion method is slightly higher than that of traditional di-gestion method measured chromium,the recovery rate was 92. 7% ~99. 2% and RSD of precision was 1. 713 5%,the new wet digestion method is better than the traditional,the larger risk of perchloric acid was avoided,and the mild reaction conditions,safe operation,simple,complete digestion,accurate,and can be used as a selection method was applied in practical work.

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研究了用稀硝酸溶样，高氯酸发烟氧化^[1]后，用盐酸硝酸酸化试液，在ICP光谱仪上进行元素测定，以及用稀硝酸溶样、加硫酸磷酸混合酸发烟后，加水溶解盐类测定试液，在IcP光谱仪上进行元素测定的两种方法。试验证明用硫磷混合酸发烟消解法测定低合金钢中多元素具有较高的灵敏度和精密度．方法的线性相关系数较好，相对标准偏差小于1．8％。与高氯酸法发烟消解法比较，硫酸磷酸混合酸发烟消解法具有操作简单，所需试剂较少，结果稳定等特点。
Two method were compared that sample was dissolved with dilute nitric acid, and after the oxidation of perchloric acid and fuming nitric acid acidified with hydrochloric acid test solution, and with dilute nitric acid, sulfuric and phosphoric mixed acid smoke, water-soluble saltclass determination of the test solution, to determine elements on the ICP spectrometer. The test proved the latter＇s sensitivity, precision of the linear correlation coefficient was higher and the relative standard deviation less than 1.8 %. And it had the merit of more simple operation, less reagent and more stable result.

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