乌江是长江上游最重要的支流之一,近年来乌江磷污染对三峡水库水质的影响引起广泛关注。为分析乌江磷输入对三峡水库水质的影响,选取了三峡库区寸滩、清溪场以及乌江武隆3个断面,对水体磷含量变化进行研究。研究结果表明:2008年之前,乌江磷输入对三峡水库水质影响不显著,其后影响逐步显现,溶解态磷输入是影响三峡水库清溪场段水体磷含量变化的主要因素;2008年之前乌江总磷浓度变化与长江干流基本同步,具有较明显的水期特征,2008年之后乌江磷元素输入在平水期对三峡水库水质影响更为明显。

Wujing River is one of the most important tributary in the upper stream of Yangtze River. In recent years, the prob-lem of phosphorus pollution of Wujiang River to Three Gorges Reservoir caused widespread concerns. 2 cross-sections of Cun-tan, Qingxichang in Three Gorges Reservoir and Wulong section on Wujiang River were selected to study the influence of phos-phorus pollution to the water quality of Three Gorges Reservoir. The study results show that before 2008, phosphorus pollution of Wujiang River to Three Gorge Reservoir was not significant, but after 2008, the influence became more obvious and the solute phosphorus was the principal influential factor to the phosphorus concentration variation at Qingxichang reach in Three Gorges res-ervoir;the variation of the total phosphorus concentration of Wujiang River, possessing obvious seasonal characteristics, was ba-sically synchronous with the mainstream of the Yangtze River before 2008, but after that, the phosphorus pollution of Wuji

三峡水库的修建改变了长江下游洪水特性,在分析长江沿岸工程设计洪水时,宜考虑三峡水库调度对长江中下游实测典型洪水的影响。本文采用还原计算方法对2012年7月洪水中三峡水库调度运用的拦洪削峰作用进行分析,本次洪水过程中,三峡水库调度运用降低了长江中下游干流各站水位,其中宜昌~沙市河段下降2.5m左右,城陵矶~汉口河段水位下降1.0m左右,九江~大通河段水位下降0.3m~0.5m左右。

The Three Gorges Reservoir affects the characteristics of the Yangtze river downstream flood. The scheduling scheme of the Three Gorges Reservoir should be considered when calculating the design flood for engineering along the Yangtze River. The article analyzes the effects of scheduling scheme of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the floods in July 2012 by reduction calculation method.The Three Gorges Reservoir operation reduce the water level of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The river water level fall about 2.5 m at the reaches of Yichang to Shashi City, Chenglingji to Hankou City drop of 1.0 m, Jiujiang to Datong City fall about 0.3m~0.5m.

针对三峡水库来水来沙减少、上游水库陆续建成运行、下游防洪及需水要求提高等不断出现的新情况,不同时期三峡水库采取了不同的运行调度方式。为了总结三峡水库的调度运行经验,为今后三峡水库优化调度提供依据,分析了不同调度方式对防洪、泥沙等方面的影响。分析表明：为应对新情况而相应调整的调度方式在不降低荆江防洪标准的前提下,可更好地兼顾城陵矶和荆南四河地区的防洪任务,在对泥沙淤积影响有限的同时,可更好地发挥抗旱、供水、航运、发电等综合利用效益。

In the light of new situations of incoming flow and sediment decreasing, upstream reservoirs being built and running successively, increasing requirements of the downstream flood control and water demand, different operation and regulation modes are adopted for the Three Gorges Reservoir in different stages. In order to summarize the reservoir operation experiences and pro-vide basis for optimizing the reservoir regulation, the achievements in flood control, water supply, power generation and the influ-ence on sediment scouring and silting under different regulation modes are analyzed. The analysis results show that under the premise of not lowering the flood control standard of Jingjiang River, the new regulation mode that is adjusted for the correspond-ing changes, can better balance the flood control of Chenglingji and 4 rivers in the south of Jingjiang River, and obtain better comprehensive benefits of drought fighting, water supply, navigation, power generation with smaller influe

采用原位监测在夏季从三峡库区到下游枝江的长江干流区段选定监测点进行日间水体环境指标测量。结果表明，三峡大坝上下游表层水温有明显差异性，西陵峡内长江水温无较大变化，流经宜昌城区后水温高于三峡水库。经水库温度分布模拟，三峡水库水温各季节分布差异明显，体现出水温分层现象，最低水温出现时间向后推迟。大坝下游溶氧较高，风速强也会使DO上升。从西陵峡口开始表层水体pH不断下降，应考虑实施兼顾生态保护的水库调度。

The daytime aquatic environmental indicators at Three Gorges Reservoirs(TGR)and Yangtze River’s Yichang Section were measured by in situ monitoring.The results showed that there is distinct difference of surface water temperature between upstream and downstream, while surface temperature of Xiling Gorge had no obvious change during the monitoring.Surface water temperature of downstream at Yichang City is higher than at TGR.The water temperature distribution changes obviously in different seasons and water depths,and the minimum water temperature appears later than before though the water temperature distribution simulation.The dissolved oxygen(DO) is higher, and higher wind speed will also increase DO.The pH in surface water is decreasing from the end of Xiling Gorge.Hence,the ecological operation should be considered.

长江三峡水库已初步形成，随着蓄水位上升，库容及水域面积加大，发生水库诱发地震的可能性也将加大。根据最大历史地震震级并适当加权，确定库区最大可信地震为6级左右，对坝址所受影响烈度为Ⅵ度，不会对按烈度Ⅶ度设防的枢纽主要建筑物构成直接威胁。三峡水库蓄水运行后，地震频次与强度虽有所增加，但地震活动仍保持在三峡地区原有弱地震活动本底状态。必须加强对三峡水库诱发地震的监测与探讨，预防地震及地质灾害，确保工程建设及运行安全，库区长治久安，构建和谐社会。

It is well known that earthquakes can be induced by reservoirs .And the probability of reservoir induced earthquake will increase with the increase of water level .According to historical magnitude records of maximum earth-quakes and a proper weighting calculation , the maximum reliable earthquake in the Three Gorges reservoir area is deter-mined to be Ms 6 magnitude .The corresponding earthquake intensity around the dam site would not exceed VI degree , whereas the main structures of the project are designed with an anti -seismic intensity of VII degree .Thus, the reservoir induced earthquakes would not cause direct damage to the main structures .It is also observed that the frequency and in-tensity of earthquakes has been increased in some extent after the impoundment and operation of the reservoir .Yet the earthquake activities in the reservoir area are still in an original weak status .Nevertheless, monitoring and research on the reservoir induced earthquakes in the Three Gorges re