为研究池塘养殖中微孔曝气与叶轮式增氧机的增氧性能,用2种增氧机在清水池和鱼类养殖池塘中进行了增氧性能和溶氧值变化的比较研究。结果表明,在清水池中,微孔曝气的增氧能力、动力效率分别高出叶轮式增氧机82%和84%;而在鱼塘中,叶轮式增氧机对整个池塘的平均溶解氧增加值比微孔曝气高94%,且叶轮式增氧机对池塘水体有比较好的混合能力,缩小水层氧差能力比微孔曝气高出45.7%。研究表明在本鱼塘试验中,目前叶轮式增氧机是比同等功率配置的微孔曝气更合适的增氧方式。

In high stocking density closed pond aquaculture, the farmed fish will suffer death from suffocation if no additional oxygen is supplied. Currently, there are various kinds of aeration methods in China, mainly including the types of impeller, water wheel, jet, propeller, and micropore aerator. The micropore aeration as the main form of bottom aeration method has been becoming one of the main aeration methods applied and expanded in China pond aquaculture in recent years. This study aimed at a systematic comparative analysis on the aeration effect and practical usage between a micropore aerator and an impeller aerator that has the best comprehensive performance and currently holds the dominant position in mechanical aeration in China, through a clean water test and a fishpond experiment. In order to study the oxygen-enriched performance of a micropore aerator and an impeller aerator in pond fish culture, we conducted the clean water oxygen-enriched performance test with the same power (

依据2012年渔业部门的统计数据及前期研究成果,利用Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL)提出的二氧化碳(CO2)排放量的计算方法,对我国池塘养殖增氧设备的二氧化碳排放量进行估算,计算和比较了增氧设备的合理利用带来的二氧化碳减排量,在此基础上对增氧设备的二氧化碳排放强度进行计算和分析。结果表明:2012年我国增氧设备的二氧化碳排放总量约为10 461.83万t,占当年二氧化碳排放总量的1.17%;利用射流式增氧机取代叶轮式增氧机,二氧化碳排放量可以减少2 323.92万t,占增氧设备排放总量的22.21%;相比单独使用叶轮式增氧机,将耕水机与叶轮式增氧机结合使用,二氧化碳排放量可减少2 061.17万t,占增氧设备排放总量的19.70%;池塘养殖增氧设备的二氧化碳排放强度为1.57 kg/美元,是美国二氧化碳排放强度的4.62倍。

Based on the 2012 statistical data of fisheries departments and preliminary research results,we adopted the calculating method of CO2 emissions proposed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory to estimated the carbon dioxide emissions of pond oxygen equipment,then,calculated and compared the reduction of carbon dioxide emission as a result of rational utilization of oxygen equipment,on this basis,calculated and analyzed carbon dioxide emissions intensity of oxygen equipment.The results showed thatthe total carbon dioxide emissions of oxygen equipment was 104.618 3 million tons,accounting for 1.17%of all the fields in 2012.With jet aerator instead of impeller aerator,the carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced 23.239 2 million tons,only take 22.21% part of all the oxygen equipment emissions.Compared to using impeller aerator alone,combining the farming water machine and impeller aerator can make the carbon dioxide emissions reduce 20.611 7 million tons,accounting for 19.70%of all the

当前对于在精养池塘中如何配制和合理使用不同机械增氧方式缺乏系统的比较研究。该文为了探讨高温季节晴好天气不同机械增氧方式对池塘溶氧全天调控的影响,试验设计如下：于夏天高温季节集中对精养池塘应用3种不同增氧方式,在晴好天气的白天和夜间进行增氧效果试验。结果发现：无论增氧机开启与否,池塘的溶氧都存在明显的昼夜起伏,且在午后出现峰值。增氧机的开启增强了上下水层交换,削减了氧差,减少了上层溶氧的逸出损失,提升了下层水体的低溶氧水平。池塘上层溶氧起伏程度大于下层,下层溶氧变化滞后于上层（下层溶氧出现峰值落后于上层约2～5h）,且这种滞后性为增氧机运行所削弱。夜间增氧能向池塘补充溶氧,但仍不足以弥补鱼类和浮游生物的代谢、微生物的生长及有机物的氧化分解造成的溶氧损耗。单从机械增氧能力来看,叶轮式〉微孔式〉耕水机。综合分析节能和增氧效果,在精养池塘养殖环境下,白天开机增氧选择耕水机较为合适,而夜间应急增氧选择叶轮式更可取。试验通过对不同机械增氧方式增氧效果和能耗的系统比较,为合理选择和使用增氧方式提供了一定的参考价值。

Aerators are essential in semi-intensive and intensive aquaculture to maintain an environment congenial to the physiological requirements of the cultured organisms. In an intensive aquaculture, the full oxygen demand of the cultured species cannot be met through natural aeration only. Therefore, artificial aeration is essential. In past years, various types of aerators have been developed to maintain the desired concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the pond water to improve the energy efficiency of the oxygen mass-transfer process. In the present study, it is intended to compare the dynamical efficiency and economic performance of three different aeration approaches, including paddle wheel aerators, diffused-air systems, and water cultivators at different initial DO concentrations of ponds and operating durations of aerators. The study involved a typical Chinese grass carp culture with commonly practiced stocking density and feeding. The comparison included two parts:daytime and n

提出了基于LEACH(Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy)协议的水产养殖溶解氧参数低功耗无线测量网络和溶解氧浓度的智能变频控制技术.无线传感网络中簇首对测量节点的数据先进行融合,然后发送到基站.针对水体溶解氧参数变化缓慢的特点,规定在每一帧内变化小于0.1 mg/L时,不再向簇首发送数据.簇首调整各节点在该帧内数据发送时隙,延长簇首和节点的休眠时间,降低了功耗.PLC根据溶解氧参数的变化一方面通过变频器控制叶轮增氧机,在白天水体溶解氧质量浓度大于5.0 mg/L时,叶轮增氧机低速“耕水”,充分利用自然界的风能、光能和藻类的光合作用改善水质;另一方面当溶解氧质量浓度低于5.0mg/L下限时,采用模糊变频控制迅速缩小误差,在接近控制目标后,变频器输出稳定.通过试验验证,相对于人工粗略控制,节约电能42.3％以上,产量提高11.8％,综合经济收益提高41.3％.

Low-power wireless measurement network of dissolved oxygen concentration based on LEACH (Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy)protocol and intelligent inverter control in aquaculture were introduced.In LEACH protocol,the measured data were fused by the cluster head and then sent to the base station.As the dissolved oxygen concentration changed slowly,it was set that when changes in dissolved oxygen concentration were less than 0.1 mg/L,node was no longer send data to the cluster head in each frame.Simultaneously head node adjusted the transmission slot of each node in the frame.Sleep time of cluster head and node was extended and power consumption was reduced.When dissolved oxygen concentration was not less than 5.0 mg/L during the day,PLC controlled aerator automatically "farming water" at low speed through inverter.That fully took advantage of natural wind energy,solar energy and algae photosynthesis to improve water quality.When the dissolved oxygen concentration was l