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双语推荐：根霉

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通过盆栽试验,探讨在添加外援菌根的情况下,重金属胁迫下的香根草作为牧草营养品质的变化。试验设计重金属污染水平为锌800mg/kg、镉10 mg/kg,外源菌根为为摩西球囊霉、幼套球囊霉和聚丛球囊霉。试验结果表明,外源菌根对重金属污染土壤香根草灰分含量影响不大;与对照相比,除摩西球囊霉处理香根草植株内粗蛋白含量下降外,其他处理均有所升高;与单纯重金属锌镉胁迫相比,摩西球囊霉处理粗蛋白表现出了下降而幼套球囊霉和聚丛球囊霉处理出现上升的趋势;对照处理香根草中磷的含量高于其他处理,且显著高于未添加菌根处理;同等重金属胁迫下,三组添加外源菌根处理植株内磷含量均有增加趋势;在所有处理中,对照处理内的钙含量最低。
By soil incubation experiment, as heavy metals stress, the nutrient qualities variation of Vetiveria zizanioides with the addition of exogenous mycorrhiza were studied. The levels of heavy metal pollution were that Zn was 800mg/kg, Cd was 10mg/kg,the exogenous mycorrhizas were G.mosseae, G.etunieatum and gloms aggregatum.The experiment results showed that,exogenous mycorrhizas had not big influence on ash content of Vetiveria zizanioidcs in heavy metal contaminated soils;Compared to contrast, the crude protein content of the other treatments were increased except for the G.moosseae treatment; Compared to the simple heavy metal stress,the crude protein content with addition of G.mosseae treatment decreased,and the crude protein content with addition of G.etunicatum and gloms aggregatum had ascend trend;The P content of contrast treatment was higher than the other treatments,and was higer significant than without the treatments mycorrhiza;With the same heavy metal stress, all of the P co

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以里氏木霉及米根霉单菌固态发酵为对象，考察不同混合发酵形式对里氏木霉与米根霉混合固态发酵产纤维素酶的影响。结果表明：同时接种里氏木霉与米根霉，试验考察的两菌种接种量比1∶1（以孢子个数计）及5∶1条件下，两菌未产生明显协同产酶作用。米根霉延时（24 h）接种且菌种量比5∶1以及米根霉延时（48 h）接种且菌种量比1∶1，2种发酵形式产酶情况类似，滤纸酶活（ FPA）及羧甲基纤维素酶（ CMCase）酶活相对米根霉单菌发酵有所提高，而β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-GA）酶活相对里氏木霉单菌固态发酵结束时分别增加4.66及4.40倍，可以发现两菌产生一定协同作用。在米根霉延时（48 h）接种且菌种量比5∶1的发酵形式下，FPA及CMCase在发酵第7天酶活分别达到44？04 IU／g、627？14 U／g（以1 g干曲计），分别是里氏木霉固态单菌发酵产酶达到稳定期时酶活的1？36和1？63倍，两菌产生了有效的协同作用。
We studied the effect of mixed?culture of Trichoderma reesei and Rhizopus oryzae on cellulose production in solid?state fermentation. Parameters studied include delayed inoculation of R. oryzae and different inoculum ratios of the fungi ( spore counting) . Cellulase production by mono?culture of T. reesei or R. oryzae was used as the control. No obvious synergy of the two fungi was observed when inoculating the mixed fungi at ratios of 1∶1 ( spores) and 5∶1 at the same time. The result of delayed inoculation of R. oryzae for 24 h at inoculum ratio of 5∶1 was much similar with the result of delaying inoculation of Rhizopus oryzae for 48 h at inoculum ratio of 1∶1. The activities of filter paper activity (FPA) and CMCase were higher than those of mono?culture fermentation of R. oryzae. The activity of β?glucosidase (β?GA) raised about 4?66 and 4?40 times respectively compared with mono?culture fermentation of T. reesei. Therefore, the synergy was generated between the mix

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以米根霉和少根根霉为研究对象，明确液体种子、培养条件、培养基成分等因素对其富马酸产量的影响.结果显示，米根霉以蛋白胨为氮源、少根根霉以柠檬酸铵为氮源，二者分别在以可溶性淀粉为碳源、发酵温度为28℃、发酵液初始 pH 为6.5的条件下，发酵120h 时获得的富马酸产量最高.并且，为缓解发酵液中不断累积的富马酸对菌体细胞生长的抑制作用、诱导其合成更多产物，本文还考察了苹果浸出液和L-苹果酸等诱导剂和 NaOH 中和剂对富马酸产量的影响.结果表明：当发酵培养基中添加1.5 g/L 的 L-苹果酸和适量 NaOH 时，米根霉和少根根霉合成富马酸的产量明显提高，分别为60.755 g/L和64.712 g/L.
Research on the control of seed liquor,culture conditions,culture medium of Rhizopusoryzae and Rhizopusarrhizus.Rhizopusoryzae using peptone and Rhizopusarrhizus using ammonium citrate as nitrogen source,in condition of soluble starch to be carbon sourse,28℃,fermentation medium with a pH of 6.5,have the best fumaric acid production after 120h.The fumaric acid production of Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus arrhizus can be increased when apple lixivium and malic acid are added.In best condition,the fumaric acid production of Rhizopusoryzae and Rhizopusarrhizus can be 60.755 g/L and 64.712 g/L when 1.5g/L of L-malic and moderate NaOH were added.

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从清香大曲和酒醅中分离出根霉12株。经过生化性能测定，筛选出高糖化酶活力根霉1株，经鉴定为米根霉。将其制成麸曲，在原大曲酒工艺不变的基础上添加适量的米根霉麸曲强化发酵，大曲与麸曲结合，两者取长补短，提高了出酒率和优质酒率。此创新工艺为我厂生产高质量二锅头基酒及研发新产品奠定了坚实基础。
12 Rhizopus strains were isolated from Qingxiang Daqu and fermented grains. Through biochemical performance measurement, a Rhizopus strain with high saccharifying enzyme activity was obtained and identified as Rhizopus oryzae. Then it was made into bran starter and added in fermented grains for intensified fermentation. The combination of Daqu and bran starter could increase liquor yield and quality liquor rate. Such technical innovation had laid solid base for the production of high-quality base liquor and the development of new liquor products.

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研究了重组几丁质酶对引起果蔬采后腐烂的病原真菌的抑制效果，为开发新型果蔬采后病害的生物防治途径提供参考。通过体外抑菌试验，测试根霉、灰霉、链格孢霉等果蔬采后腐烂主要病原真菌在重组几丁质酶作用下菌丝体和孢子的变化，结果表明，重组几丁质酶对根霉等果蔬常见致病真菌菌落扩展均表现出不同程度的抑制作用，对根霉、灰霉、拟茎点霉和毛霉的抑制效果很明显，对交链孢霉、粉红镰刀菌的抑制效果相对较低。重组几丁质酶能够显著抑制根霉新生菌丝的生长，改变其顶端的生长情况。重组几丁质酶可有效抑制灰霉和根霉的孢子萌发，当酶液浓度达到0．40％时，抑制率达91％以上。重组几丁质酶对果蔬采后病原真菌具有明显抑制效果，在果蔬采后病害的生物防治中具有应用开发前景。
Inhibitory effect of recombinant chitinase on the pathogen that caused postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables was studied to supply new method for the biological control of postharvest loss .The recombinant chitinase was used to investigate its antifungal activity against nine fungi in vitro.Results showed that the chitinase inhibited the growth of hypha in different degrees ,the antifungal activity against Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.Et Fr.) Vuill, Botrytis squamosa Walker,Pythium aphanidermatum ( Eds.) Fitzp,and Aspergillus niger van Tiegh was stronger than the Alternaria alternate and Fusarium roseum Link.Chitinase inhibited the hyphal extension and altered the growth pattern of hyphal tip .At the same time , the chitinase showed inhibitory effect on the spore germination of Rhizopus stolonifer, and this effect was more obvious with the increase of chitinase concentration .Inhibitory rate on the spore germination of Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis reached more than 91%when the

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对教学常用的五株典型霉菌,即根霉,毛霉,河内白曲(米曲霉),黑曲霉和黄曲霉经分离、纯化、培养后,对它们的形态进行了观察和比较研究。其结果是根霉的假根发达,毛霉的囊轴清晰,河内白曲的足细胞健壮,黑曲霉和黄曲霉的顶囊良好。
This paper reports the observation and comparative study on the five typical mould always used for teaching-Rhizopus, Mucor, Henei Baiqu (Aspergillus oryzae), Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. After separation, purification and cultivation, their morphology have been observed and studied. The result showed that the rhizoid of Rhizopus is flourishing, the columella of Mucor is clear, the podocyte of Henei Baiqu is strong, the vesicle of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus is good.

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本文研究了糯米酒曲与羊羔美酒大曲中的霉菌,首先采用PDA培养基对这两种酒曲中的霉进行了分离纯化,共得到23株霉菌。其次依据菌落形态与显微细胞形态的差异对所分离到的霉菌进行了形态聚类分析,将23株霉菌分为5种形态类型。最后根据菌落形态与细胞形态的特征,测量霉菌细胞器的大小,将其鉴定为伞枝犁头霉、白曲根霉、米曲霉、阿氏青霉、分枝根霉。
This paper studies the mold in glutinous rice wine qu and lambs daqu .At first,the mold in two qu was purified by using PDA culture ,separation to a total of 23 strains mold.The cluster analysis was carried on by using the difference of colong morphology and cell morphology .And the retaining photo record was in the form of 5 kinds of 23 strains mold , At last , According to the characteristic of colony morphology and cell morphology , size of the mould organelles was measured to identify the mold .The 5 kinds of molds were identified as:Absidia corym-bifera, Rhizopus peka , Aspergillus oryzae , Penicillium adametzi ,Rhizopus artocarpi .

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通过浸泡、匀浆、离心、干燥等工艺,得到了麻疯树毒蛋白,将该蛋白进行抑菌活性研究,得到了如下研究结果：对酿酒酵母、毛霉和根霉具有较强的抑菌活性,对毛霉和根霉的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）不超过1.5 g/L,对酿酒酵母最低抑菌浓度不超过1.0 g/L,而其对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌作用不明显。抑菌的最佳p H值。
The toxic protein from Jatropha curcas seeds by soaking, homogenization, centrifugation and drying was studied on antibacterial activity. The result showed that the toxic protein hads strong antibacterial activity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mucor pusillus and Rhizopus chinensis, and the MIC was 1. 0 g/L, 1. 5 g/L and 1. 5 g/L, respectively. However, the toxic protein had no obviously effect on E. coli and Bacillus subtilis.

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在限根栽培条件下,研究丛枝菌根真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)和隐类球囊霉(Paraglomus occultum)对枳(Poncirus trifoliata)生长和根系构型的影响。结果表明,2种菌根真菌在限根栽培下均显著提高了枳株高、茎粗、叶片数,以及一级、二级和三级侧根数,也增加了根系投影面积、表面积、体积和总长(主要是0~3 cm的根长),且G.mosseae的促进效果优于P.occultum。
The effects of mycorrhizal fungi including Glomus mosseae and Paraglomus occultum on growth and root system ar-chitecture of trifoliate orange under root restriction conditions were studied. Results showed that the two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, the number of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd lateral roots, root sur-face area, root projected area, root volume, and root total length (mainly 0~3 cm size length). G. mosseae exhibited better ef-fects than P. occultum did.

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通过研究米根霉NLX-M-1利用葡萄糖无载体固定化发酵产L-乳酸的影响因素,获得米根霉利用木质纤维基葡萄糖进行无载体固定化发酵的最优条件。优化的米根霉无载体固定化产L-乳酸条件：初始葡萄糖质量浓度100 g/L,( NH4)2 SO4质量浓度2 g/L,接种量2%(体积分数), CaCO330 g/L,KH2 PO40.1 g/L,MgSO4·7H2 O 0.25 g/L,ZnSO4·7H2 O 0.1 g/L。在优化条件下,以纯葡萄糖为碳源的米根霉发酵过程,形成平均直径1 mm的微球,L-乳酸产量为76.6 g/L,转化率为81.6%。以玉米秸秆酸爆渣酶解葡萄糖浓缩至60 g/L进行L-乳酸发酵,米根霉形成直径约1.2 mm的微球,L-乳酸产量为36.4 g/L,转化率为63.5%。
The main factors affecting self-immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae NLX-M-1 for L-lactic acid production were studied in present study. The optimum fermentation conditions utilizing wood fiber-based glucose for R. oryzae self-immobilization were obtained. The optimal results were achieved as 100 g/L initial glucose, 2 g/L ( NH4 ) 2 SO4 , 2%inoculum size ( value fraction) , 30 g/L CaCO3 , 0. 1 g/L KH2 PO4 , 0. 25 g/L MgSO4·7H2 O and 0. 1 g/L ZnSO4·7H2 O. Under this optimal condition, R. oryzae formed pellets with an average diameter of about 1 mm during the fermentation, the production of L-lactic acid was 76. 6 g/L and the conversion rate was 81. 6 %. R. oryzae in acid explosive residue hydrolyzate containing 60 g/L glucose became 1. 2 mm pellets, and produced 36. 4 g/L L-lactic acid with a conversion rate of 63. 5 %.

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