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双语推荐：海洋二号卫星雷达高度计

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影响星载卫星雷达高度计测高精度的因素很多，其中大气干对流层延迟、大气湿对流层延迟、大气逆压延迟、电离层延迟以及海况偏差直接影响海表面高度计算精度。本研究开展了海洋二号卫星雷达高度计上述误差修正算法研究，并利用国外较为成熟的Jason-1／2和Topex／Poseidon（T／P）卫星雷达高度计数据产品对海洋二号卫星雷达高度计使用的误差校正算法进行验证。结果表明，海洋二号卫星雷达高度计数据处理时使用的误差校正算法均可满足精度要求。
There are many factors affecting the height accuracy of satillite radar altimeter. The dry tropo-sphere delays,wet troposphere delays,invert barometer delays,ionosphere delays,and sea state bias influence the computational accuracy directly. The error correction algorithms for the HY-2A satellite radar altimeter were conducted in this research. And,these algorithms were vertified using the more mature foreign satellite data such as Jason-1/2 and T/P. The results show that the HY-2A error correction algorithms can meet the accuracy require-ments.

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2011年8月16日发射的海洋环境动力（海洋二号）卫星是中国第一颗动力环境卫星，其中搭载的雷达高度计需要连续的厘米级海洋地形测量，轨道误差在雷达高度计整体误差预算中占主要部分，为实现海洋二号卫星精密定轨事后处理径向10cm精度的研制总要求，海洋二号卫星搭载了多普勒地球轨道和无线电定位系统（DORIS）接收机、双频全球定位系统（GPS）接收机和激光反射棱镜阵列用于精密定轨。本文综述了海洋二号卫星精密定轨方案设计和关键技术，给出了在轨测试结果。
The HY-2A satellite,launched on October 16,2011 is the first dynamic environments satellite in China,carrying the radar altimeter which continues the time series of centimeter lever ocean topography mea-surement. Orbit error is a major component in the overall error budge of all altimeter satellite missions. The HY-2A satellite carries DORIS deceiver,Dual frequency GPS receiver and Laser Retroreflector Array for Precise or-bit determination(POD)to meet 10cm radial accuracy goal for the HY-2A satellite radar altimeter. First,the tracking system and method of POD for HY-2A satellite is introduced,then the solution strategy is showed,finally the results of the radial accuracy for HY-2A satellite are given in this paper.

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海洋二号（HY-2A）卫星是我国第一颗海洋动力环境卫星，雷达高度计是HY-2A星的主载荷之一，发射入轨后仪器工作正常，并获得了大量有效的观测数据。该仪器在20m有效波高条件下测高精度达到了4cm，在4m有效波高条件下测高精度达到了2cm，其产品精度接近Jason－2卫星高度计。本文就HY-2A卫星雷达高度计系统设计和在轨初步结果进行论述。
HY-2A is the first satellite for oceanic dynamic environment measurement of China. As one of main payloads of HY-2A,HY-2A radar altimeter has obtained successive measurement data after the launch. The accuracy of HY-2A radar altimeter is better than 4 cm(at 20 m significant wave height)or 2 cm(at 4 m sig-nificant wave height),which is close to that of Jason-2 satellite altimeter. In this paper,the design and in flight preliminary results of HY-2A radar altimeter are introduced.

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本文给出了海洋二号(HY-2)卫星雷达高度计风速反演的双参数算法模型,并利用Jason-1产品和HY-2卫星微波散射计产品定性验证了双参数算法模型的正确性,同时利用星星交叉比对方法、美国国家浮标数据中心(National Data Buoy Center,NDBC)浮标数据验证方法、美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)再分析数据验证方法三种不同方法对该模型进行定量化验证,结果表明HY-2卫星雷达高度计风速反演的双参数算法模型的反演精度达到2.0 m/s的精度,满足海洋业务应用和科学研究的精度要求,可为用户提供满足观测要求的海面风产品。
In this study ,the two-parameter algorithm is used to get the wind speed from HY-2 satellite radar altimeter. The correctness of this algorithm is verified using the Jason-1 and HY-2 scatterometer data qualitatively. Three different methods,such as cross-over method, NDBC buoys data validation and NCEP data test method are used respectively to evaluate this algorithm. It is turned out that the two-parameter retieval algorithm of the wind speed from ra-dar altimeter is considered to be accurate to 2.0 m/s. It meet the accuracy requirements of ma-rine scientific research and applications. And HY-2 radar altimeter can provide users the ob-served surface wind products.

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介绍了海洋二号（HY-2A）卫星4个微波有效载荷（雷达高度计、微波散射计、扫描微波辐射计和校正微波辐射汁）的功能、性能和设计指标。HY-2A卫星突破了我国微波遥感设备技术上的瓶颈，为海洋环境监测预报业务化和防灾减灾提供了必要的海洋观测手段，解决了我国自主海洋动力环境参数遥感观测有无的问题。HY-2A卫星的成功发射和业务化运行为我同海洋卫星发展规划打下了坚实的基础。
The paper summarized the capabilities,performance,and technical characteristics of the 4 payloads onboard the HY-2A satellite including radar altimeter,microwave scatterometer,scanning microwave radiometer and microwave calibration radiometer. The HY-2A satellite is marked as a significant breakthrough for microwave remote sensing technology of China,a milestone for China’s own ocean dynamic environment satellite that plays a crucial role in maritime applications,and a role model for China’s future ocean satellite mis-sions.

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海面风速对海洋中动能的转移、海气间物质和能量的交换具有非常重要的作用。海洋二号(HY-2)卫星搭载的雷达高度计、微波散射计和扫描微波辐射计均可以用来探测海面风速。区别是雷达高度计只能测量星下点风速,微波散射计可以得到宽刈幅的风场(包括风向和风速),扫描微波辐射计可获得宽刈幅的风速。为了更好地分析3个载荷风速测量能力,针对2013年9月19日"天兔"台风影响海域范围内的海面风速,比较了3种载荷的探测结果。结果表明,在小于20 m/s风速范围内,雷达高度计和微波散射计探测到的风速非常接近,标准偏差小于2m/s,而扫描微波辐射计测量的风速比另外两个载荷测量的风速大;在20～35m/s风速范围内,雷达高度计和扫描微波辐射计风速较为接近;在大于35 m/s的高风速区,只有扫描微波辐射计可以探测出风速,但其测量精度还需要进一步验证。
Sea surface wind speed plays a very important role in the transfer of kinetic energy in the ocean and the exchange of the matter and energy in the air-sea surface. There are three payloads on HY-2 satellite which can be used to detect the sea surface wind speed. The payloads are radar altimeter,microwave scatterometer and scanning microwave radiometer. The diffe-rence is that the radar altimeter can measure the wind speed at the nadir point of the HY-2 satel-lite,the microwave scatterometer can detect the wide swath wind field,and the scanning micro-wave radiometer can measure the wide swath wind speed only. In order to analyze the capacity of the three payloads,in this study,the Typhoon Usagi was selected for comparing the ability of the three payloads to measure the wind speed. It turned out that when the wind speed is lower than 20 m/s,the wind speed from radar altimeter is much the same as that from microwave scat-terometer. The standard deviation is less than 2 m/s. But when wind

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海洋二号（HY-2A）卫星大气校正微波辐射计（ACMR）是为雷达高度计提供大气路径延迟校正的微波辐射计。本文针对ACMR热真空定标试验的原理、方法、实施过程及试验结果进行了阐述和分析，得到了ACMR3个频率的辐射传输系数和非线性系数，并进行了天线订正的发射前算法分析，给出了天线温度系数。利用这些系数对在轨数据进行了处理，得到了在轨天线温度转换系数，并与Jason-1、Jason-2卫星上搭载的微波辐射仪（JMR）进行了匹配比较，结果表明一致性良好。
Atmospheric correction microwave radiometer(ACMR)is one of the main payloads for cor-recting atmospheric path delay of radar altimeter on HY-2A satellite. After discussion and analysis on thermal vacuum calibration method of ACMR,microwave transfer functions and related coefficients were given,espe-cially nonlinear coefficients derived from the test for correcting nonlinear responds between the input of antenna temperature and the output of voltage at each channel of ACMR. Meanwhile,antenna pattern correction algo-rithms for removing the effects of side-lobe and cross-polarization were derived and their coefficients were used for in-orbit data processing. The calibrated antenna temperatures were compared with the similar space-borne mi-crowave radiometer on Jason-1 and Jason-2 satellite(JMR),launched by the NASA-French Space Agency Ocean Surface Topography Mission. The results of comparison showed that the data from ACMR were well matched to those from Jason-1 and Jason-2.

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