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双语推荐：眼部疾病

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探讨超声在诊断2型糖尿病常见眼部疾病的应用价值。方法:对2011年4月-2013年4月80例糖尿病合并眼病的患者资料进行分析,并与对照组进行比较,总结糖尿病眼部常见疾病的二维超声、彩色和频谱多普勒及超声造影(CEUS)的表现。结果:糖尿病眼部疾病中的玻璃体混浊、玻璃体积血、玻璃体机化、玻璃体后脱离及视网膜脱离的在二维声像图有特征性表现;糖尿病组CRA及OA流速均显著低于对照组,而RI、PI则显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。CEUS可以提高眼部或病灶内血管的显示,鉴别诊断视网膜脱离及玻璃体积血等疾病。结论:超声在糖尿病眼部疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断及判断视网膜血流灌注等情况中有重要的应用价值。
Objective:To investigate the value of ultrasonography in type 2 diabetic eye disease.Method:The ultrasound data of 80 diabetic patients with eye disease from April 2011 to April 2013 were analyzed .The two-dimensional ultrasound,colour dopple flow imageing,spectral doppler and contrast enhanced utlrasound(CEUS)performance were summarized. Result:The two-dimensional ultrasound images of the eye diseases in type 2 diabetic,such as vitreous opacities,vitreous hemorrhage,vitreous organization,vitreous detachment and retina detachment,had some specified traits. CRA and OA flow rate of the diabetic group were significantly lower than the control group,while the RI,PI was significantly increased(P<0.05). CEUS can improve ocular or vascular lesions showed ,beneficial differential diagnosis of retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage and other diseases.Conclusion:Ultrasound has important applications in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of retinal perfusion and judgments,etc.in type 2

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探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与眼部疾病的相关性。方法:选择我院2010年11月~2012年11月收治的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征20例作为观察组,同期选择我院体检的正常健康人20例作为对照组,2组都进行眼压检查与眼部超声观察。结果:观察组的眼压大于对照组,但是差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组眼部动脉的PSV与EDV值明显高于对照组(P0.05),2组RI值对比无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征可影响眼部动脉的血流状态,从而对于眼部疾病有一定的影响。
Objective:To investigate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome ( OSAHS ) associated with ocular dis-ease .Methods:select the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome 20 cases as the observation group , select the normal healthy people hospital examination 20 cases as control group , two groups were all examined by intraocular pressure and ocular ultrasound .Results:the intraocular pressure of observation group were greater than that of the control group , but no significant difference ( P>0 .05 ) .PSV and EDV in observation group was higher than that in control group (P 0.05).Conclusion:obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome can affect the flow state of ocular artery , which has certain effect on oc-ular diseases .

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目的：：探讨颈内动脉狭窄与缺血性眼部疾病的关系。方法：收集2010-11/2014-05入住我院的30例37眼缺血性眼部疾病患者的临床资料,对其行眼底荧光素血管造影(FFA)、眼部血管经颅多普勒超声(TCD)、颈部血管彩色超声多普勒血流成像( CDFI)、颈部CT血管造影( CTA)及颈动脉数字减影血管造影( DSA)等检查,然后对缺血性眼部疾病患者眼部症状、眼部表现、FFA检查结果进行分析；比较眼动脉收缩期峰值血流速度( peak systolic velocity, PSV)和阻力指数( resistance index,RI)、视网膜中央动脉PSV及RI；患侧颈动脉内中膜厚度( IMT )与眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉PSV及RI的相关性；患侧颈内动脉斑块性质与眼动脉PSV及RI的相关性；患侧颈内动脉斑块性质与视网膜中央动脉的PSV及RI相关性。结果：眼部症状：一过性黑矇、视力降低、眼前闪光、眼部及周围疼痛发生率分别为75.7%,83.8%,51.4%及32.4%；眼部体征：以视网膜静脉扩张、视网膜点片状出血、动脉狭窄及棉絮斑等为主要体征；患侧与健侧眼动脉PSV及RI值差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)；患侧颈内动脉斑块性质与眼动脉PSV及RI值无相关性(P>0.05)；患侧颈内动脉斑块性质与视网膜中央动脉的PSV及RI值无相关性( P>0.05)。结论：缺血性眼部疾病的发病与颈内动脉狭窄具有非常紧密的关联性,临床上可将颈内动脉狭窄程度作为眼部疾病诊疗的重要依据。
Abstract?AlM: To investigate the relationship between carotid artery stenosis and ischemic ocular diseases.?METHODS: The clinical data of 30 cases ( 37 eyes ) of patients with ischemic eye diseases were collected from November 2010 to May 2014, and they were accepted the fundus fluorescein angiography ( FFA ) , transcranial Doppler ( TCD) ultrasonic blood vessels of the eye, neck vascular color Doppler flow imaging ( CDFl) , the neck CT angiography ( CTA ) and carotid artery digital subtraction angiography ( DSA) examination, and then the ischemic eye disease patients with ocular symptoms were analyzed. The peak systolic velocity ( PSV) and resistance index ( Rl) of ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery were compared. Correlation between the internal carotid artery intima- media thickness ( lMT ) and ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery PSV and Rl correlation risk;ipsilateral internal carotid artery plaque and ophthalmic artery PSV and Rl; PSV and Rl associated ip

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过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体(PPA Rs)是配体依赖的核激素受体超家族成员转录因子,目前已有PPARα、PPARβ/δ和PPARγ 3种亚型,其中PPARγ与纤维化疾病的关系日益引起人们的关注.PPARγ由激动剂激活后通过控制炎症反应、抑制细胞的增生、诱导细胞的凋亡和分化、抑制血管形成及抗氧化等不同机制发挥抗纤维化作用,有望成为眼部纤维化疾病治疗的一个新途径.从PPARs及其分布、PPARγ的结构与功能、PPARγ配体及激动剂、PPARγ的活化、PPARγ在眼组织的表达、PPARγ与眼部疾病几个方面就PPARγ及其激动剂在眼部疾病中的作用进行综述.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors.To date,three isotypes of PPARs called PPARα,PPARγ and PPARβ/δ have been identified.The relationship between PPARγ and fibrosis disease has increasingly drawn people''s attention.PPARγ is activated by its ligands or agonists plays an important role in the control of fibrosis through their effects on various cellular processes,including anti-inflammatory,inducing cellular apoptosis and differentiation,anti angiogenesis,antioxidative and anti-proliferative effects,which is expected to be a new way to treat ocular diseases.The role of PPAR-γ and its agonist in ocular diseases,including PPARs and its distribution,the structure and function of PPAR-γ,PPAR-γ ligands and agonist,activation of PPAR-γ,PPAR-γ in the expression of eye tissues,and the role of PPAR-γ and its agonist in ocular diseases were reviewed.

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目的探讨药物性眼部损害的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2000年至2013年CNKI载录的178例药源性眼部损害的相关临床病历资料文献，对文献中患者的年龄、性别、原患疾病、用药情况、临床表现等数据进行统计分析。结果178例药源性眼部损害案例男102例，女76例，主要以口服和静脉滴注为主。共涉及10大类药物112个品种，抗微生物药最多有54例。结论药源性眼部损害的致病药物种类繁多，临床应加强对重点药物的监测，避免和减少药源性眼部损害的发生。
Objective To discuss the characteristics of drug-induced eye disorders.Methods 178 cases of drug-induced eye disorders in CNKI from 2000 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed and the data of age,gender,primary diseases,the kinds and categories of drugs,clinical manifestation were investigated.Results Among the total 178 cases,the ratio of male (102 cases) and female (76 cases) was 1.34:1.00.Oral and intravenous administration were the main routes.There were 178 cases of drug-induced eye disorders caused by 112 kinds of drugs.54 cases were induced by anti-microbial agents (accounting for 30.34％).Conclusion The causative drugs were diverse.Related drugs should be monitored in clinical practice to avoid or decrease drug-induced eye disorders.

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眼部鳞状上皮增生性疾病在眼部肿物中占绝大部分.病毒是很多眼部鳞状上皮增生性疾病的病因.人乳头瘤病毒可通过早期蛋白编码区蛋白抑制角质细胞凋亡,促进角质细胞增生,从而导致眼部鳞状上皮乳头状瘤、寻常疣及角化棘皮瘤的发生.人乳头瘤病毒DNA可通过PCR在以上几种疾病的病灶中被检测出来.目前干扰素已被应用于以上几种疾病的治疗中,并在长期随访中被证明有较好疗效.人类免疫缺陷病毒血清学阳性可显著提高结膜角膜上皮内瘤变及鳞状细胞癌的发病率,但具体机制尚不明了.传染性软疣病毒编码的蛋白可抑制角质细胞凋亡并促进肿瘤发生,但目前尚无特效药物治疗.
Squamous epithelial hyperplasia diseases contribute to the biggest part of tumor-like lesions of the eye.Many squamous epithelial hyperplasia diseases are caused by virus as pathogen.Human papilla virus(HPV) suppresses the apoptosis of keratinocytes and enhances the hyperplasia of keratinocytes through early protein coding region thus causes the onset of squamous epithelial papilloma,verruca vulgaris and keratoacanthoma.HPV-DNA can be detected in the lesion of those diseases by PCR.Currently the interferon has been applied into the treatment of the above diseases and acquired reasonable effectiveness in long-term follow-ups.Serological positive of human immunodeficiency virus can remarkably raise the morbidity of conjunctival and corneal intraepithelial neoplasm and squamous cell carcinoma.However the pathogenesis remains unknown.The apoptosis of keratinocytes can be suppressed by the mollascus contagiosum virus coded protein so as to promote the onset of tumor.However no treatment is

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眼部新生血管是多种眼病引发视力障碍的重要原因.骨髓来源细胞(bone marrow-derived cells,BMC)经动员、迁移、黏附和分化等步骤参与其中,受衰老、吸烟等危险因素影响,是一个复杂的需要精确调控的过程.目前,BMC参与眼部新生血管形成的分子机制已成为研究的热点和难点,阐明其中的机制对了解眼部新生血管发生及以BMC为靶点的临床疾病治疗探索具有重要意义.
Ocular neovascularization is a significant contributor to visual impairment in many eye diseases.Bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) play important roles in the development of ocular neovascularization,in which BMCs are believed to undergo the steps of mobilization,migration,adhesion and differentiation.This process is delicately regulated and affected by multiple factors,including aging,smoking,and so on.Now it has become a research hotspot to investigate the molecular mechanism of BMCs involved ocular neovascularization,which is imperative for further studies on pathogenesis of ocular neovascularization and treatment strategies using BMCs as targets.

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目的：探讨神经阻滞治疗眼部带状疱疹及护理方法。方法对21例眼部带状疱疹患者进行神经阻滞治疗的病人给予治疗前、治疗中、治疗后细致的护理及健康指导。结果全部病人顺利完成治疗，达到预期的疗效。结论对眼部带状疱疹病人进行神经阻滞治疗时，做好细致的治疗前护理，加强治疗中密切观察及治疗后护理和健康指导，可使病人积极主动配合治疗，确保疗效，减少并发症，保障医疗安全，促进疾病痊愈。
Objective To explore the effect of nerve block treatment and dedicate nursing on herpes zoster ophthalmicus .Methods 21 herpes zoster ophthalmic patients who accepted before nerve block treatment ,To analysis the effect of the to during and after the treatment by dedicate nursing care and health guideline .Results All patients completed the treatment smoothly ,and therapeutic effect turned out to be as expectation .Conclusion Dedicate nursing care before treatment ,enhance the close observation during treatment and health guide after treatment to herpes zoster ophthalmic by nerve block ,which would be help of patient''s cooperation to ensure medical safety and recovery .

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趋化因子受体3 (CCR3)及其配体eotaxin是一种与哮喘和过敏相关的炎性因子,研究发现CCR3及其配体与多种眼科疾病相关,如脉络膜新生血管、变态反应性结膜炎、视网膜中央静脉阻塞、年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜变性等.CCR3的生物学功能研究认为,CCR3及其配体eotaxin不仅参与促进嗜酸性粒细胞与肥大细胞的运输,还参与炎症反应过程,了解其在眼部疾病发生及发展过程中的作用对于眼科相关疾病的认识和诊治有重要意义.就CCR3及其配体的结构和生物学功能以及其与一些眼部疾病的关系进行综述.
Chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) and its ligands eotaxin are inflammatory factors,and they were thought to be related to asthma and allergic diseases before.Recent studies showed that CCR3 plays significant roles in many eye diseases,such as choroidal noevascularization (CNV),allergic cunjunctivititis,age-related macular degeneration (AMD),central retinal vein occlusion and retinal degeneration etc.The biological function study suggested that CCR3 and eotaxin participate in not only promoting the transportation of eosinophilic granulocyte and mastocyte but also inflammatory response.To understand the roles of CCR3 and eotaxin in eye diseases has a very important significance for the recognition and treatment of eye diseases.The structure and function of CCR3 and its ligands,and the relationship between CCR3 and some eye diseases were reviewed.

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血小板反应蛋白(TSP)由5个具有同源性的成员组成,其在全身不同组织细胞中的表达广泛,且具有复杂的生物学功能.TSP在眼组织中的分布也较为广泛,主要分布于视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞、角膜内皮细胞和晶状体上皮细胞等,也可由小梁网细胞所分泌,从而发挥不同作用.作为细胞因子,TSP在眼的病理生理过程中具有重要的调节作用,参与年龄相关性黄斑变性的发生、角膜疾病的修复、白内障的形成、开角型青光眼的发病与进展、眼部肿瘤的病理过程、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变和糖尿病视网膜病变等的病理过程.对TSP功能的研究有助于揭示眼科多种疾病的发病机制,并为相关病变的防治提供新的思路.就TSP在眼部的分布、眼部合成细胞及其在眼科相关疾病中作用的研究进展进行综述.
Thrombospondin(TSP) has five members with diversiform expressions and complicated biologic functions in different histiocytes all over the body.TSP also is widely expressed in different parts of eye,such as retinal pigment epithelial cells,corneal endothelial cells and lens epithelial cells,etc.,and sometimes TSP is secreted by trabecular meshwork cells.As a group of cytokines,TSP plays an important regulating role in the physiological and pathological activities of eye.Studies determined that TSP participates in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration,repaired of corneal diseases,formation of cataract,development of open-angle glaucoma,pathological process of eye tumor,occurrence of proliferating vitroretinopathy and diabetic retinopathy.Studies towards their functions are helpful for revealing the pathogenesis of eye diseases and providing new ideas of prevention and therapy.The distribution,source and eye disease-related action of TSP were summarized.

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