建立了GC-ECD法测定水源水、饮用水中硝基苯、硝基氯苯(邻硝基氯苯、间硝基氯苯、对硝基氯苯)、二硝基苯(邻二硝基苯、间二硝基苯、对二硝基苯)、2,4-二硝基甲苯、2,4-二硝基氯苯、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯的分析方法。方法检出限为0.006μg·L-1~0.05μg·L-1,平均回收率为83.1%~113.9%,相对标准偏差小于10%。应用该方法对南方地区某河流中的硝基苯类化合物含量进行调查,仅间硝基氯苯、对硝基氯苯、邻二硝基苯、2,4-二硝基氯苯检出,且浓度为ng·L-1,表明该河流水质未受到硝基苯类化合物的污染。

The detection limits of ten nitrobenzene compounds are between 0 .006μg · L -1 and 0 .05μg · L -1 .The average recovery rate is from 83 .1 % to 113 .9% .The RSD is less than 10% .The method was used to determine the nitrobenzene compounds in water samples from some river of south of China , only 3-nitrochlorobenzene ,4-nitrochlorobenzene ,1 ,2-dinitribenzene and 2 ,4-dinitrochlorobenzene were detected ,the concentrations was ng · L -1 ,respectively .The results showed that the pollution state of ni-trobenzene compounds in the area was not serious .

对洪泽湖水质、底泥及水生生物样品10种硝基苯类化合物的浓度进行了测定,水样中总硝基苯类化合物的含量在0.179~5.17μg/L,北部湖区和南部湖区的总硝基苯类化合物的浓度较高,其中成河北(S7)的浓度最高。底泥中的含量在0.137~4.50μg/kg,北部湖区及出湖口附近形成一个硝基苯类化合物的污染带,其中成河东(S6)的浓度最高。水生生物体内的总硝基苯含量按鲫鱼、白鱼、泥鳅、龙虾、河蚌、螺蛳依次升高。

The concentration of 10 kinds of nitrobenzene compounds in samples of water, sediment and aquatic biological from 9 point of Hongze lake were measured. The results show that: the total content of nitrobenzene compounds (ΣNBs ) in water samples is from 0. 179 to 5. 17μg/L, the concentration of total nitrobenzene compound in northern and southern Lake District are higher, and the highest concentration is Chenghebei ( S7 ) . The total concentration of total nitrobenzene compound in sediment is 0. 137-4. 50 μg/kg, the concentration of northern Lake area and nearby the lake outlet are much higher, the highest point is Chenghedong ( S6 ) . Total content of nitrobenzene in aquatic organisms of carp, whitefish, catfish, lobster, mussel, snail increased successively.

为研究臭氧高级氧化技术对含硝基苯类化合物炸药废水的处理效果，采用四种不同组合工艺（旋转填料床（ RPB）-O3/H2 O2、RPB-O3、曝气反应装置（BR）-O3/H2 O2和 BR-O3），进行了模拟废水中硝基苯类化合物降解的对比性试验。结果表明，O3/H2 O2工艺对硝基苯类化合物表现出较强的降解性能，去除率可达99％，出水指标达到《污水综合排放标准》（ GB8978-1996）中硝基苯类化合物排放标准。在相同反应时间下，BR-O3/H2 O2和 BR-O3工艺对硝基苯类化合物去除率明显偏低。在 RPB-O3/H 2 O2和RPB-O3工艺中，硝基苯类化合物去除率随超重力因子和初始 pH 值的增加而增大，而随双氧水浓度和液体流量的增加呈先增大后降低的变化趋势。在臭氧浓度为50 mg·L-1，超重力因子为80，初始 pH 为10．5，双氧水浓度4．9 mmol·L -1和液体流量120 L·h -1的试验条件下，硝基苯类化合物去除效果较好。此条件下硝基苯类化合物的降解过程符合假一级反应动力学。

To study the treatment effect of wastewater containing nitrobenzene explosives with advanced oxidation technologies of ozone,the comparative experimental study on the degradation of nitrobenzene compounds in simulated waste water was carried out by four different combined processes[RPB(rotating packed bed)-O3 /H2 O2 ,RPB-O3 ,BR(bubbling reactor)-O3 /H2 O2 and BR-O3 ]. Results show that the RPB-O3 /H2 O2 process shows a strong oxidation capacity to nitrobenzene compounds,the removal rate of nitrobenzene compounds can reach 99% ,and wate indicators can meet the discharge standard of nitrobenzene compounds in integrated waste water discharge standard GB8978-1996. Under the same reaction time,the BR-O3 /H2 O2 and BR-O3 processes show low oxidation capacity to nitrobenzene compounds. In the RPB-O 3 /H2 O2 and RPB-O3 processes,the removal rates of the ni-trobenzene compounds enhance with increasing of the high gravity factor and initial pH value. With increasing the H 2 O2 concen-t

通过静态试验研究了重碳酸盐浓度在0,100,300,500,800mg/L时对零价铁还原硝基苯的影响,检测反应过程中硝基苯和苯胺的浓度变化,同时检测溶液中pH值、Eh、Fe2+、CO32-的变化,结果表明,重碳酸盐浓度较低(100~500mg/L)时对零价铁还原硝基苯有促进作用,且促进作用随着重碳酸盐浓度的升高而增强.重碳酸盐浓度为500mg/L的反应体系中硝基苯去除率及苯胺生成率最高分别为88%,173mg/L,且在该体系中重碳酸盐对pH值的缓冲能力最强、Eh下降幅度最大,Fe2+浓度最高.重碳酸盐浓度为800mg/L的体系不利于硝基苯的还原.

Batch experiments were designed to investigate the influence of different concentrations (0, 100, 300, 500 and 800mg/L) of bicarbonate on nitrobenzene degradation by zero valent iron in subsurface environment. The concentrations of nitrobenzene and aniline were monitored at interval time during the reaction progress, and the variations of pH, Eh, Fe2+, CO32- during the reaction were examined. The results indicated that bicarbonate can enhance the zero-valent iron activity at lower concentration (100~500 mg/L), and as the increasing of bicarbonate concentration, the promoting effect increases. in 500 mg/L system, the highest nitrobenzene reduction was 88% and aniline formation was 173 mg/L, the buffering capacity for pH was the strongest, the decline range of Eh was the largest, and the concentration of Fe2+was the highest. The system of bicarbonate concentration of 800 mg/L was not conducive to the reduction of nitrobenzene.

研究了以石墨电极作阳极、不锈钢丝刷为阴极、Na2SO4为电解质,采用不同电解电压(20 V、5 V)对模拟硝基苯(NB)废水进行电解.测量了不同电解时间溶液的紫外光谱,结果表明:20 V电压时,硝基苯被还原为苯胺(AN);而5 V电压时,产物除苯胺外,可能还有马来酸、对氨基苯酚、对苯二酚等.对20 V电解电压的体系,采用双波长等吸收消除干扰法求解出不同电解时间混合体系中硝基苯和苯胺各自的含量;而对5 V的电解体系,采用萘乙二胺偶氮光度法来测定电解处理后废水中苯胺和硝基苯的含量.结果显示,随着电解电压的下降,除产物成分变化外,硝基苯转化率、最大转化率需要的时间也发生变化.

This paper investigates the reduction of nitrobenzene wastewater by electrolysis using graphite as an-ode, stainless steel brush as cathode, and Na2SO4 as electrolyte. The electrolytic voltage is set at 20 V and 5 V, respectively. The UV spectra of the result solution show that, when the voltage is 20 V, nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline, whereas when the voltage is 5 V, the products may have maleic acid, p-aminophenol and hydroqui-none. The concentration of nitrobenzene and aniline in the 20 V-electrolytic system is resolved from the UV spectra using dual-wavelength equal-absorbance UV method. However, the concentration in the 5 V-electrolytic system is determined by spectrophotometry with N-(1-Naphthyl)-ethylenediamine. It is shown that the conver-sion rate of nitrobenzene and the time needed for achieving the highest conversion rate, as well as the product, change with the decreasing of the electrolytic voltage.