中国《社会保险法》在实施过程中存在诸多问题。这些问题存在的原因之一就在于社会保险服务专业化与规范化不够。社会保险服务专业化和规范化已经成为影响中国《社会保险法》有效运行的核心因素之一。从国际经验的角度来看，日本的《社会保险劳务士法》很好地解决了这一问题。日本的《社会保险劳务士法》启示我们，建立社会保险师制度是社会保险服务专业化和职业化的客观需要，要在对社会保险师准确定位的前提下，完善相应资格考试制度，推动社会保险师制度的建立。

There are many problems in the process of implementing the Social Insurance Law. One of the most important reasons for this is that the specialization and standardization of insurance services is not good enough. Specialization and standardization of social insurance service has become one of the most important factors influencing the effective operation of the Social Insurance Law. In the view of international experience, Japanese Social Insurance Servicers Law has solved this problem. Japanese Social Insurance Servicers Law enlightens us that establishing the social insurance servicers system is the objective need of specialization and standardization of insurance services. We should accurately position the social insurance servicers and perfect the system of qualiifcation examination.

伴随着我国社会保险制度改革的不断深入，养老、医疗、工伤、失业以及生育等各项社会保险的进一步完善，使得原始的手工操作或者半手工操作已经无法适应现代社会发展的需求，因此有必要引入先进的计算机互联网技术，建立现代化的社会保险管理系统来辅助社会保险的资源管理。鉴于此，本文主要对社会保险管理系统的建设进行详细分析。

Along with China''s social insurance system reform continued to deepen, pension, medical, work injury, unemployment and maternity and other social insurance to further improve, making the original manual or semi-manual operation has been unable to adapt to the needs of the development of modern society, it is necessary the introduction of advanced computer Internet technology, the establishment of modern social insurance social insurance management system to assist resource management. In view of this, this article focuses on the construction of social insurance management system for detailed analysis.

英国社会保险个人缴费减免政策包括英国国家养老保险金视同缴费政策、国民保险缴费计入政策、国家基本养老金制度降低缴费资格年限政策和政府国民养老保险基金专项投入政策；日本社会保险缴费减免政策包括国民年金、厚生年金、健康保险和护理保险缴费减免政策；韩国社会保险缴费减免政策包括国民年金和国民健康保险缴费减免政策。英日韩三国社会保险个人缴费减免政策的特点反映在发展趋势、缴费减免补偿形式、目的、在收入分配中作用等方面。英日韩三国社会保险个人缴费政策对中国社会保障制度的建设具有启示意义，中国应该着手建立统一的低收入群体社会保险个人缴费减免补偿机制，建立农民工参加城市社会保险的缴费减免补偿机制，并在《中华人民共和国社会保险法》中增设养老保险个人缴费减免和补助规定。

The individual payment relief policies of social insurance in Britain include the policy of national endow -ment insurance regarded as payment , the policy of the payment accounted for national insurance , the policy of the national basic pension system reducing the capture to expend fixed number of year of the qualification and the policy of the government special input for the national endowment insurance fund .The social insurance payment relief poli-cies in Japan include the payment relief of the national pension , the welfare pension , the health insurance and the care insurance .South Korea''s social insurance payment relief policies include the national pension payment relief pol -icy and the national health insurance payment relief policy .The characteristics of social insurance payment relief poli-cies in these three countries are reflected in development trend , diversified forms and purposes of payment relief poli-cy and role of income distribution , which have imp

采用基尼系数、泰尔指数测算中国城镇社会保险发展非均衡程度并对其分解，构建动态面板数据模型，分析城镇社会保险非均衡影响因素，实证检验各因素影响效果及显著性水平。研究结果表明：中国城镇社会保险发展呈由东向西依次递减态势；中国城镇社会保险基金收入和支出非均衡程度呈先下降后上升趋势，支出大于收入的非均衡程度；各社会保险项目对非均衡程度影响不同；区域内部非均衡程度大于区域之间，基金支出大于基金收入的区域内对非均衡程度贡献率，东部地区大于中西部地区内部非均衡程度；循环累积效应、经济发展水平、教育、工资水平及地方财政对城镇社会保险支出和收入均具有正向作用。

With Gini coefficient and Theil index, this paper calculates the non-equilibrium degree of the development of China’s urban social insurance, decomposes it and builds a dynamic panel data model to explore the influencing factors of the non-equilibrium coverage of urban social insurance and test empirically effects of these factors and their level of significance. The results show that the development of China’s urban social insurance presents a descending trend from the East to the West. The non-equilibrium degree of the income and expenditure of Chinese urban social insurance funds shows a drop-and-rise trend, and the non-equilibrium degree of expenditure is greater than that of income.It is also found different social insurance programs have varied effects on non-equilibrium level.Non-equilibrium is greater within a region than between regions.Of ar-eas with greater fund expenditures than fund incomes, those in the East contributes more to the non-equilibrium than those i

社会保险经办机构是社会保险体系的重要组成部分，其能力影响着社会保障政策效应的实现程度。当前国内外社会保险经办机构能力的研究主要集中于分析机构的性质及其能力体系的构成，提高能力的必要性和动因，影响能力的因素探究与对策建议三方面。学界应在强化基础理论探讨的同时，综合采用定量定性结合研究方法，构造出符合社会保险经办机构特点的能力评估体系。

Because of the significant role of social insurance administrative institution in whole system, its capacity affects the degree and result of the policy. The literatures on the capacity of social insurance administrative focus on three aspects: the nature of the institu-tion and its capacity components, the necessary of its capacity promotion, the discussion of the factors that influence the capacity and the countermeasure. Accordingly the further research should intensify the basic theory analysis and establish a suitable assessment system by uniting the mathematical and theoretical method.