探讨了在低盐固态酱油酿造工艺下,我国广泛应用的米曲霉3.042和日本的米曲霉RIB40在发酵性能方面的差异。对比了两株米曲霉种曲孢子数、大曲制备工艺、发酵过程中理化指标、有机酸含量以及酱油风味物质方面的不同。研究发现米曲霉3.042具有产孢快、生长迅速的特点。通过跟踪测定蛋白酶活、纤维素酶活和糖化酶活,确定了两株米曲霉的最佳收曲时间均为36h。同时发现米曲霉RIB40的糖化酶活很高(3208.939U/g干基,36h)。理化指标的变化情况表明:采用两株米曲霉制曲酿造酱油均达到了特级酱油标准。在有机酸方面,米曲霉RIB40酱醅的乳酸和乙酸的含量具有一定优势,这有利于酱油良好口感的形成。风味物质的检测结果表明:米曲霉RIB40酿造酱油中醇类物质具有优势,而米曲霉3.042在酯类物质方面具有优势。在实际生产中,可以根据产品需要选择合适的菌株。

The fermentation performance differences of A.oryzae 3.042 widely used in China and A.oryzae RIB40 from Japan are studied by using low-salt solid-state fermentation method.The koji spores number,koji preparation process,physical and chemical indicators in fermentation process, organic acids content and soy sauce flavor substances of two strains of A.oryzae are compared.It is found that the spores of A.oryzae 3.042 grow fast,and they are much more than those of A.oryzae RIB40.Protease activity,cellulose activity and glucoamylase activity are measured during the growth of koji and the best time to end the growth of koji of two strains of A.oryzae are identified as 36 h. The glucoamylase activity of A.oryzae RIB40 is quite high (3208.939 U/g dry basis,36 h).The changes of data of physical and chemical indicators during the fermentation indicate that using the two strains of A.oryzae,premium soy sauce has been made,which reaches the super standard.The con-tent of lactic acid and acetic aci

采用高效液相色谱法测定6株米曲霉菌株发酵液中的草甘膦降解情况，结果表明米曲霉（ Aspergillus oryzae）A-FEC04的草甘膦降解率最高，为12.5%。提取6株米曲霉菌株的基因组DNA，PCR扩增后得到甘氨酸氧化酶序列，测序结果发现只有米曲霉 A-FEC04发生部分基因突变。米曲霉（ Aspergillus oryzae ）A-FEC04的 ORF DNA序列全长1263 bp，编码一个由420个氨基酸组成的蛋白质，其理论分子量为46965.5 Da，理论等电点为5.85，为弱酸性蛋白。对该氨基酸序列进行结构域架构分析，结果表明该序列具有明显的D-氨基酸氧化酶结构域。

The glyphosate degradation rates of six Aspergillus oryzae strains were measured by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC ). The strain Aspergillus oryzae A-FEC04 showed the highest degradation rate of 12 . 5%. Glycine oxidase genes were obtained after PCR amplification from genomic DNA extraction of six Aspergil-lus oryzae strains. The ORF DNA sequence of Aspergillus oryzae A-FEC04 is 1 263 bp,which encoded a 420 aa pro-tein. The theoretical molecular weight was 46 965. 5 Da,and its theoretical isoelectric point was 5. 85. The domain sequence analysis showed that the framework sequence contains a significant D-amino acid oxidase domain.

根据生物量和纤维水解圈从米曲霉40636,41478,M1,M2 4株菌中确定40636为实验菌种。方法:在单因素试验基础上,进行正交试验设计。确定米曲霉40636的液体培养基为糖蜜25%,硫酸铵0.75%,蛋白胨0.375%,酵母粉0.375%,KH2PO4添加量为0.27%,MgSO4添加量为0.105%,氯化钠添加量为0.12%。在此条件下,米曲霉菌体干重达到20.2940g/L。

Objective:Based on biomass estimates and hydrolysis spot diameters, Aspergillus Oryzae 40636 is as the experimental strain screened out of four different strains (40636,41478,M1 and M2). Method:Based on the single factor experiment,the orthogonal experimental design is carried out. Result:A dry cell weight of 20.2940 g/L is obtained under the optimum conditions using a fluid medi-um of 25% sugar molasses,0.75% ammonium sulfate,0.375% peptone,0.375% yeast powder,0. 27% monopotassium phosphate,0.105% magnesium sulfate,and 0.12% sodium chloride.

以实验室筛选的1株米曲霉为出发菌进行紫外诱变,经过多次筛选后得到1株中性蛋白酶活力显著提高且遗传性较稳定的突变株22#。用该菌株与另外2种市售菌种进行酱油低盐固态发酵,结果表明:经诱变得到的22#米曲霉菌株的成曲酶活力及全氮利用率都相对较高,分别达到1549.15U/g和65.48%,虽氨基态氮含量相对略低于"迪发"牌米曲霉,但仍具有一定潜在的生产应用价值。

A UV induced mutagenesis is carried out on Aspergillusoryzae which is screened in the lab. With screening for several times,a mutant 22# producing high-output,stable protease is obtained. Then Aspergillus oryzae 22#,“difa”Aspergillus oryzae and “yuyuan”Aspergillus oryzae are used to carry out soy sauce low-salt solid-state fermentation respectively.The results suggest that the en-zyme activity and the utilization rate of total nitrogen of Aspergillus oryzae 22# are higher compared with the other two kinds of Aspergillusoryzae,reaching 1549.15 U/g and 65.48% respectively.Al-though the amount of the total amino nitrogen is little lower than“difa”Aspergillus oryzae,Asper-gillus oryzae 22# also has some potential application value.

目的观察阿奇霉素和地塞米松对烟曲霉孢子刺激A549细胞分泌ICAM-1和TNF-α的影响。方法以正常培养的A549细胞为对照,采用ELISA方法检测A549细胞与烟曲霉孢子共孵育4、24 h后细胞分泌ICAM-1和TNF-α的水平,并在细胞与孢子共孵育24 h基础上,分别加入阿奇霉素(0.5、2.5 mg/L)和地塞米松(0.5、2.5 mg/L),比较不同药物浓度对两种细胞因子水平的影响。结果 A549细胞与烟曲霉孢子共孵4、24 h后,细胞释放ICAM-1和TNF-α的浓度均较对照组明显升高(P0.05);与单纯烟曲霉孢子刺激相比,2.5 mg/L阿奇霉素明显抑制与烟曲霉孢子共孵的细胞分泌TNF-α(P0.05),2.5 mg/L地塞米松明显抑制与烟曲霉孢子共孵的细胞分泌ICAM-1和TNF-α(P0.05)。结论阿奇霉素和地塞米松均可以抑制烟曲霉孢子诱导的炎性因子释放,减轻炎症反应及肺损伤。

Objective To evaluate the effect of azithromycin and dexamethasone on the secretion of ICAM-1 and TNF-αin A549 cells stimulated with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia.Methods The concentrations of ICAM-1 and TNF-αwere detected by ELISA when A549 cells were cultured alone and were cultured with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia for 4 and 24 hours.The normal cultured A549 cells were taken as control group.After being cultured with conidia for 24 hours, A549 cells were treatd with azithromycin (0.5,2.5 mg/L)or dexamethasone (0.5,2.5 mg/L)and then the ICAM-1 and TNF-αconcentrations were detected by ELISA.Results After being cultured with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia for 4 and 24 hours,both ICAM-1 and TNF-αsecreted in A549 cells significantly increased(P<0.05),compared with control group.Compared with the stimulation of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia alone,2.5 mg/L azithromycin signifi-cantly inhibited the secretion of TNF-αin A549 cells incubated with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia f