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双语推荐：肠道运动

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研究表明,2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群结构及功能与健康人不同,肠道菌群可能通过干预宿主营养及能量的吸收利用,促进脂肪的合成及存储,引发慢性低度炎性反应等机制影响2型糖尿病的发展.多项针对肠道菌群的治疗措施在2型糖尿病的动物模型和人群研究中开展,表明饮食、运动及药物均可通过干预肠道菌群的结构及功能影响糖尿病的发生和发展.干预肠道菌群可能成为今后糖尿病防治领域的重要手段之一.
Recent studies show that the structure and function of gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes differ from those in healthy people.Gut microbiota may play roles in the development of type 2 diabetes by interfering the absorption and utilization of nutrients and energy,promoting the synthesis and storage of fat and inducing chronic low-grade inflammation.Animal studies as well as human studies showed that diet,exercise and drugs could affect the occurrence and development of diabetes through intervening the structure and function of gut microbiota.Intervention of gut microbiota may become one of the important strategies for prevention and treatment of diabetes in the future.

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目的观察护理干预对结肠镜检查前肠道准备后的肠道清洁度、舒适度及不良反应的影响。方法采用抽签法将120例结肠镜检查者随机均分为2组(n=60),2组分别为实施常规护理的对照组以及实施心理、饮食、口服洗肠液、运动、病情、电话追踪干预和检查时再次干预的干预组,并对2组患者肠道准备后的肠道清洁度、舒适度和不良反应进行观察。结果干预组的肠道清洁度和舒适度分别高于对照组,其不良反应低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论护理干预能有效提高肠道准备后的肠道清洁度和舒适度,减少不良反应的发生。
Objective To observe the effect of nursing intervention upon bowel preparation before colonoscopy on colon cleanliness,comfort degree and adverse reactions.MethodsTo divide 120 cases of colonoscopy into 2 groups with 60 cases by drawing lots,which are contrast group given routine nursing and intervention group given psychology,diet,oral colon cleansing,exercising,illness,telephone contacting intervention and reintervention before colonoscopy,then after bowel preparation,observing thecolon clearliness,comfort degree andadverse reactions of patients from two groups.ResultsThe colon cleanliness and comfort degree from intervention group are higher while adverse reactions are lower than those from contrast group respectively,and the differences are statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionNursing intervention can effectively improve the colon cleanliness and comfort degree,also reducing the occurrence of adverse reactions upon bowel preparation.

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目的：探究护理干预对胶囊内镜检查肠道准备效果的影响。方法对行首次胶囊内镜检查的患者随机平分为两组，对照组采用传统预约方法，干预组进行综合性个体化的干预措施，包括心理护理、肠道准备、饮食干预、运动干预等。根据胶囊内镜检查评定标准比较两组的肠道清洁度、观察效果及病变检出率。结果两组患者肠道清洁度、观察效果及病变检出率等各方面的差异具有统计学意义，干预组显著优于对照组（ P＜0.05）。结论综合有效的护理干预对胶囊内镜检查肠道准备具有协同作用，提高了肠道清洁度、观察效果及病变检出率。
Objective To explore the effect of nursing intervention for effect of capsule endoscopy intesti-nal.Methods In our hospital were randomly divided into the Department of internal medicine the first capsule endosco -py into two groups , the control group using the traditional reservation method , interventions intervention group was given comprehensive individual , including psychological nursing , bowel preparation , diet, exercise intervention.According to the evaluation standard endoscopy capsulecompared with two groups of intestinal cleanness , observe the effectandthe de-tection rate of lesions.Results There were significant differencesin all aspects ofthe results of two groups of patients withintestinal cleanness ,observe the effectand the detection rate of lesions , the intervention group was significantly better than the control group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusions Effective nursing intervention has a synergistic effect on capsule en-doscopy bowel preparation , improve intestinal cleanne

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目的：对16例肠易激综合征（IBS）患者胃肠运动功能进行临床分析，为临床研究肠易激综合征的发病机制及临床药物治疗提供理论依据。方法：对16例肠易激综合征患者进行食管动态pH监测、胃电检测和呼吸氢试验分析。结果：肠易激综合征患者进餐前、后胃电变化较对照组明显（t＝-8.437，t＝-7.126；P〈0.01），胃电变异指数、肠道传递时间与对照组有显著性差异（t＝-2.312，t＝-1.694，t＝-9.163，t＝-7.894；P〈0.01）。结论：肠易激综合征患者消化吸收及肠道运动功能异常可能是由于肠道电生理活动异常而引起。
Objective:To analyze irritable bowel syndrome of 16 cases of gastrointestinal motor function, and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical study on the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome and clinical drug treatment. Methods: Patients in our hospital from 2009 to 2011 with irritable bowel syndrome of esophageal pH monitoring, gastric electrical detection and breath hydrogen test was performed in 16 patients. Results: the patients with irritable bowel syndrome before and after meal gastric electrical change significantly compared with the control group(t=-8.437, t=-7.126;P<0.01), gastric electrical variability index, intestinal transfer time and the control group with significant difference (t=-2.312, t=-1.694, t=-9.163, t=-7.894;P<0.01). Conclusion:The abnormal in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and intestinal digestion and absorption function may be caused by abnormal gut electrophysiological activity.

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目的研究麻仁润肠丸泻下作用的效果及其机制,并和大黄、大黄素做比较,为麻仁润肠丸的临床应用提供理论依据。方法 96只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、麻仁润肠丸组、大黄组和大黄素组,用于检测大鼠一般状况、肠道传输功能;另96只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、麻仁润肠丸组、大黄组和大黄素组,检测肠壁组织、大肠运动频率与幅度、肠壁肠肌丛内神经的变化情况。数据均以平均数±标准误表示,每个实验至少重复三次。组间单变量统计分析采用one-way ANOVA法;组间两个单独变量统计分析采用Tukey post hoc检测以及two-way ANOVA法,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果麻仁润肠丸长期给药对大鼠的泻下效果可稳定保持、对肠道运动功能的影响较稳定、对肠壁损伤较小、对神经系统的影响亦较小。大黄和大黄素对大鼠的一般状态影响较大,对大肠黏膜、肠道运动功能和神经系统的影响亦较大。主要表现为皮毛的清洁度较差,活动量减少,虚弱无力,精神不佳;泻下效果和对肠道运动功能影响的变化较大,晚期效果弱于麻仁润肠丸;晚期肠壁组织的损伤较为严重;早期胆碱能神经的数目增多,晚期减少;氮能神经的数目早期减少,晚期增多。结论麻仁润肠丸泻下作用温和、长期应用治疗效果优于大黄、大黄素,而其副作用却低于大黄、大黄素,长期应用不会出现严重的毒副反应,适合便秘的老年患者长期应用。
Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the purgative effect of Maren Runchang Wan and to identify the mechanism involved compared with rhubarb ,emodin.Providing theoretical basis for the clinical application of Maren Runchang Wan.Methods 96 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,Maren Runchang Wan group,rhubarb group and emodin group .Recorded the general condition , intestinal transmission function .Another 96 rats were also randomly divided into control group , Maren Runchang Wan group,rhubarb group and emodin group .Then detected the changes of intestinal wall tissues , frequency,amplitude and myenteric plexus nerve of intestines .Results In Maren Runchang Wan group,the changes of purgative effect , intestinal movement function , intestinal wall tissue and myenteric plexus nerve were slight after long-term drug.In rhubarb group and emodin group ,the changes of general condition were apparent .the main performances changes were that the purity of the fur

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老年性肠功能减退和肠癌多发已成为常见病,近年注意到适量食用猕猴桃可增进胃肠运动.本文通过对小鼠离体肠肌运动的研究,解析猕猴桃成分的功效.经解析,猕猴桃含有丰富的小分子有机酸和游离糖,以及适量膳食纤维(Dietary fiber,DF).研究发现,2.0%葡萄糖-1.0%酒石酸混合溶液、2.5%DF和2%可溶性膳食纤维果胶(Soluble dietary fiber-pectin,SDF-P)均可有效增进小鼠肠肌运动,使肠肌收缩频率极显箸提高(p0.01).猕猴桃增进肠运动的主要功效成分是小分子糖酸、DF和SDF-P等,它们共同降低肠道内酸度和增加晶体渗透压,对肠壁产生适宜的化学和机械性刺激,促进了肠蠕动.
Intestinal dysfunction and cancer have been increased in elders recently. It is very interesting that eating one or two kiwi ( actinidia ) a day can improve the gastrointestinal movement effectively. Actinidia functional composition is studied by HPLC and intestinal segment movement in vitro. There are richer small molecular organic acids,free sugars and dietary fiber ( DF ) in actinidia. The contraction frequency ( CF ) of intestinal muscle can be raised significantly (p<0. 01),because of adding mixed solution of 0. 2% glucose -0. 1% tartaric acid,2. 5% DF or 2% Soluble dietary fiber-pectin( SDF-P) . The mainly functional components in actinidia are small molecular organic acids,free sugars,and DF and SDF-P. They increase intestinal movement via suitable stimulus such as lower pH value and higher crystal osmotic in intestine.

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目的：探讨短肠综合征的营养治疗及手术治疗。方法选取临床2013年1月～2014年6月收治的短肠综合征患者12例临床资料进行分析。结果给予普通饮食和部分肠内营养支持维持正常营养状况，手术治疗6例均治愈。结论营养治疗是短肠综合征首选的治疗方法，外科手术行肠瓣或括约肌成形、肠变细增长术、塑造重复循环吻合口襻等，以减缓肠道的运动，促进吸收。
Objective The nutritional and surgical treatment of short bowel syndrome to be investigated. Methods Analyzing clinical treatment data selected from 12 cases of patients with short bowel syndrome who are treated in hospital from January 2013 to June 2014. Results Patients are given ordinary diet and partly intestinal nutrition to maintain normal nutritional condition,6 cases of patients are surgically cured. Conclusion Nutritional treatment is in priority of treatment of short bowel syndrome;In addition,some surgical methods, for instance, intestinal valve or sphincter forming surgery,intestinal thinning and growth surgery, shaping anastomotic loop recirculation surgery,can be utilized to slower intestines movements and facilitate abortion.

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目的总结心脏死亡(donation after cardiac death,DCD)肾移植受者术后腹泻的发生率,分析发生的原因。方法回顾性分析本院实施DCD肾移植手术的91例受者临床资料,评估术后腹泻发生率和分析发生的原因。结果 91例受者中发生腹泻83例,腹泻发生率为91.2%。腹泻发生原因与使用免疫抑制剂、肠道菌群失调、感染、肠运动功能障碍有关。结论 DCD肾移植受者术后腹泻发生率高,根据腹泻不同诱因采取相应的护理措施,避免并发症发生,对提高移植效果具有重要意义。
Objective To study the diarrhea causes and nursing care after kidney transplantation from donation after cardiac death(DCD).Methods The clinical data of 91 patients undergoing kidney transplantations from DCD were retrospectively analyzed from November 2011 to May 2013 in our department,to investigate the incidence of diarrhea and the causes.Results Eighty three cases contracted diarrhea in 91 recipients,with the incidence of diarrhea 91.2%.The use of immunosuppressive agents,intestinal flora,infection and bowel movement dysfunction were all related to the diarrhea.Conclusions The incidence of diarrhea is high and the causes are complex after kidney transplantation from DCD.So nurses should take the appropriate care measures to improve the quality of nursing,avoiding complications and ensuring transplant results based on a different cause of diarrhea.

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观察不同产地和不同炮制方式的六神曲对实验动物肠运动功能的作用。方法:取用生、炒香、炒焦,三个状态的山东产六神曲和自制的未经发酵的六神曲为实验材料,采用离体方法研究实验材料对家兔回肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响;采用在体方法研究实验材料对小鼠肠内容物推进的影响。结果:离体实验结果表明,三种六神曲都能引起大鼠肠平滑肌的收缩作用增强。小鼠肠内容物推进实验结果表明,与模型组比较,三种六神曲都对小鼠肠内容物推进具有提高作用,未经发酵的六神曲作用不明显。结论:六神曲可增强家兔离体回肠平滑肌的收缩和小鼠小肠推进作用。六神曲中促进肠道运动的物质产生于发酵过程中,炮制和煎煮的过程对其影响不大。
Objective:To investigate effects of different Liushen Qu on intestinal motor function of experimental animals. Methods:To choose different Liushen Qu as experimental material, rabbit ileal smooth muscle activity was studied from experimental materia. Results: Base on experimental results, Liushen Qu can cause contraction of intestinal smooth muscle enhancement. Mouse intestinal contents experimental results show that compared with the model group, six of Liushen Qu are promoting intestinal contents of mice with increased effect, the role of Liushen Qu unleavened obvious. Conclusion:Liushen Qu can enhances smooth muscle contraction in rabbit and to promote the role of the small intestine of mice.

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随着医学影像学的发展，小肠疾病越来越需要多种影像学检查技术的综合诊断，传统的小肠造影与CT扫描各有优缺点；由于MRI具有无射线辐射、无碘对比剂过敏和软组织对比度好的优点，而且近几年MRI软、硬件技术快速发展，不但扫描速度大大增快，完全可以克服呼吸运动伪影和肠蠕动伪影的干扰，而且图像分辨率越来越高，使之应用于小肠疾病的诊断成为可能并逐渐增多。本文即对近几年小肠MRI的检查技术、常用扫描序列、肠道对比剂及其临床应用作一综述，以便全面了解MRI在小肠疾病诊断中的价值及其将来可能的发展趋势。
Evaluation of small-bowel disease need increasingly multiple imaging techniques with the development of medical imaging. Conventional enterography and CT have both advantages and disadvantages. Owing to its no X-ray radiation, no iodic allergic response and excellent soft-tissue contrast, as well as the rapid development of software and hardware, which makes high resolution of image and overcomes artifacts of breath and bowel peristalsis, MRI is used to evaluate small-bowel disease more and more frequently. So the examination techniques, common scan sequences, intraluminal contrast medium and clinical application of small-bowel MRI are reviewed in this article so that we have a knowledge of the diagnostic value of small-bowel MRI and its tendency in the future.

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