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双语推荐：超声波辅助萃取法

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综述了单宁提取方法的最新研究成果,详细介绍了溶剂浸提法、微波辅助提取法、超声波辅助提取法、超临界CO2萃取法、酶转化提取法、超高压提取法、膜技术提取法、半仿生提取法、发酵法等技术,并对各类方法的优缺点进行分析,对单宁的发展现状进行概述和进一步展望,旨在为单宁的开发利用提供理论依据。
This paper aims to discuss the latest achievements in the research on extraction technique of tannin. In the paper, several techniques are introduced in details, including solvent-extraction method, microwave assisted extraction method, ultrasonic assisted extraction method, supercritical CO2 extraction method, enzyme conversion extraction method, ultra high-pressure extraction method, membrane technology of extraction method, semi-bionic extraction method and fermentation method. In addition, the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of each method and the description of current situation and future expectation of tannin provide theoretically foundations for development of tannin.

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油砂属非常规能源,其储量较大,与传统石油能源相比其开采成本较高,随着石油资源争夺日益激烈,油砂开采与分离技术越来越受到人们的重视,国内大多数油田对油砂采用溶剂萃取法、热解干馏法、水剂处理等技术进行分离。介绍了近年来国内油砂萃取技术研究现状,包括有机溶剂萃取法,超声波辅助萃取法,油砂分离剂萃取法,汽提萃取法,离子液体萃取法,无机热碱水提取法,水洗分离油砂法,对各种方法进行了评价和比较,并对油砂萃取技术今后研究方向提出了建议。
Oil sands are unconventional energy, and it has large reserves and higher mining costs compared with traditional petroleum energy. With the increasingly fierce competition for oil resources, more and more attention has been paid to oil sands mining and separation technology. Most domestic oilfields use solvent extraction method, retorting method and aqua treatment to extract oil sands. In this paper, research status of the oil sand extraction technology in recent years was described, such as solvent extraction method, ultrasonic assisted extraction method, the oil sands separation reagent method, stripping extraction method, ionic liquid extraction method, inorganic hot caustic soda method and oil sand washing separation method. Then these methods were evaluated and compared, and research direction of the oil sands extraction technology in the future was proposed.

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葛根素是中药葛根的主要有效成分,其提纯方法主要有溶剂提取法、超声波萃取法、微波辅助提取法、聚酰胺柱层析吸附法、大孔树脂吸附法和络合萃取技术等方法。葛根素的药理作用范围广,由于其具有药物来源广泛、毒副作用小和疗效明确等优点而具有广阔的发展前景。本文主要对近几年葛根素的提纯方法进行总结,以期为获得纯度较高的葛根素提供参考依据。
Objective:Puerarin is the main effective components of pueraria. The methods of extraction and purification mainly in-clude method of solvent extraction, ultrasonic extraction, microwave assisted extraction, column chromatography of polyamide adsorption, macroporous resin adsorption, complexation extraction method and so on. Pueraria has extensive pharmacological effects. Due to its rich pharmacologic action, less side effects and explicit curative effect, and has a broad development prospects. In this paper, mainly method of extraction, separation and purification in recent years has been summarized. In order to offer reference basis to obtain high purity of puerarin.

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采用索氏提取法、超声波辅助提取法和超临界CO2萃取法对产自江西莲花县的油茶籽进行提油实验。对得到的油茶籽油进行理化性质测定,并采用GC-MS分析了油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成,比较不同提取方法所得油茶籽油的品质差异。结果发现:不同提取方法得到的油茶籽油脂肪酸组成及含量存在差异,对油茶籽油的营养价值产生影响。从脂肪酸组成的角度评价,超临界CO2萃取法所得的油茶籽油营养价值更高。
The oils were extracted from oil-tea camellia seeds in Lianhua county in Jiangxi province by methods of Soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic-assisted extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The physicochemical properties of the extracted oils were measured and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed by GC-MS to compare the qualities of the oil -tea camellia seed oils extracted by different methods. The results showed that the fatty acid compositions and contents had significant differences among the oil-tea camellia seed oils extracted by different methods, which had impact on the nutritional value of oil-tea camellia seed oils. From the perspective of fatty acid composition,the nutritional value of oil-tea camellia seed oil obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method was the highest.

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利用超声波辅助研究了改进的Tessier系列萃取法,并比较了超声波改进的Tessier法与常规Tessier系列萃取法,分析了杭州市小和山土壤中重金属镉(Cd)的形态。结果表明:用超声波改进法萃取重金属Cd的前4步形态部分比Tessier法的常规振荡萃取时间短,而萃取效率相当;2种方法所得的结果基本吻合,可萃取的Cd在样品中主要以第一、第二种形态存在,即可交换态和碳酸盐结合态。
Ultrasonic extraction was utilized to study the modified Tessier sequential extraction for speciation analysis of heavy metals Cd in soil at Xiaoheshan ,Hangzhou .The result showed that the operation time by ultrasonic extraction in the first four speciation fractions for heavy metals Cd is shorter than that taken by conventional extraction and there is no significant efficiency differences between ultrasonic extraction and conventional extraction for Cd .Cd mainly exists in the first two speciations ,namely exchangeable fraction and carbonate bounded form .

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以黄连中盐酸小檗碱的提取效率和纯度为指标,对乙醇回流浸提法、硫酸常温浸提法和超声波辅助萃取法进行比较.结果发现乙醇回流浸提法、硫酸常温浸提法及分别以乙醇、硫酸为溶剂的超声波辅助萃取法的提取率为2.7%、2.6%、3.1%和3.5%,产品纯度为79.01%、89.81%、85.21%和95.91%.超声波辅助萃取法具有简便快速和节能高效的优点,是一种值得在工业上推广的提取新工艺.
The efficiency and the purity of the berberine hydrochloride in coptis chinensis were as index to compare the aqueous ethanol refluxing method, the sulfuric acid ambient temperature extraction method and the ultrasonic assisted extraction method. The yield of berberine hydrochloride by the aqueous ethanol refluxing method, the sulfuric acid ambient temperature extraction method and the ultrasonic assisted extraction method, which was with ethanol and sulfuric acid as solvent, was 2.7%, 2.6%, 3.1%and 3.5%, and the purity was 79.01%, 89.81%, 85.21%and 95.91%. The ultrasonic assisted extraction method is a new extraction method that is worth popularizing in industry for simplicity, celerity and high efficiency.

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以贻贝为原料，用微波和超声波对贻贝中嘌呤提取工艺进行了研究，探讨了两种方法的最佳提取条件和参数。结果表明，微波辅助萃取最佳工艺参数为：液料质量比40：1，萃取时间为20 min，萃取温度65℃，嘌呤总提取率达1.6958 mg/g；超声波提取条件为液料质量比80：1，提取150 min，嘌呤总提取率为1.6816 mg/g。与超声波提取方法相比，微波辅助萃取法具有萃取时间短、提取率高、节省溶剂等优点。
The microwave and ultrasonic methods were used to extract mussel respectively,and their ex-traction conditions were optimized. The results showed that the optimal conditions of the microwave extrac-tion are as follows:mass ratio of extraction solvent to raw material 40:1 ,microwave irradiation time 20 min and temperature 65℃. For the ultrasonic extraction,they are as follows:mass ratio of extraction solvent to raw mateial 80:1,microwave irradiation time 150 min. The purine extraction rates are 1. 695 8 mg/g and 1 . 681 6 mg/g for the microwave and ultrasonic extraction methods under the optimal extraction cond-tions,respectively. Compared with ultrasonic method,microwave assisted extraction offers many advanta-ges,such as a short extracting time,high efficiency,smaller volumes of chemical solvents.

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采用国标中的气相色谱法和气质联用法与本文研究的超声波提取-气相色谱法和微波辅助提取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱—质谱联用法对鱼肉样品中的多氯联苯进行检测,并对这几种检测方法进行评价.结果表明,超声波提取-气相色谱法和微波辅助提取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱—质谱联用法检测食品中的多氯联苯时更加快捷、高效,便于检测人员对鱼类食品中多氯联苯的残留情况作出快速判断.
Several methods are applied in the detection of PCBs in fish sample , including the national stand-ard gas chromatography , GC-MS ( Gas-Chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry ) , a mixed method discussed in this pa-per, which is ultrasonic extraction in conjunction with gas chromatography , microwave assisted extraction , solid-phase extraction and GC-MS.The results showed that mixed method is more efficient in the detection of PCBs and can facilitate food inspectors for quick testing of residue of PCBs .

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为了开发利用香菇资源，采用超声辅助法提取香菇中的多糖，利用响应面法优化超声辅助提取法提取香菇多糖的工艺条件。首先进行单因素试验考察，在单因素试验的基础上，选择超声波功率、超声时间及料液比为自变量，以多糖得率为响应值，采用Box-Benhnken法设计3因素3水平响应面设计试验。结果表明，响应面模型与实际情况拟合良好，能较好地预测香菇多糖得率。最佳工艺：超声波功率300 W、超声波处理时间25 min、料液比1∶30，多糖得率25.71%，与理论值（25.55%）相比，相对误差较小，为0.63%。与传统热水浸提法比较，超声波提取法多糖得率较高，且耗时少，是理想的香菇多糖提取方法。
Technological conditions of extraction ofLentinan with ultrasonic extraction are optimized for developing and utilizing the resource of Mushrooms by using the response surface method(RSM). Firstly, single factor experiment was investigated, and then based on single factor experiment, a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Benhnken experiment was designed, in which ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time and the ratio of solid to liquid were chosen as influencing factors, and the yield of polysaccharide was selected as response value. The result shown that the regression model fit well with experimental data, and it can well predict the polysaccharide yield of Lentinan. The optimum conditions of ultrasonic extraction were ultrasonic power of 300 W, ultrasonic extraction time of 25 min and solid-to liquid ratio of 1∶30, and the polysaccharide yield was 25.71%. Compared with the theoretical value(25.55%), it has a smaller relative error at 0.63%. Compared with traditional method, ultrasonic extract

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以菊花(产自杭州的杭白菊)为材料,比较水浸提法、超声波辅助提取法和酶辅助提取法对菊花多糖得率的影响,得出最优提取方法和提取条件。考察了水浸提法中提取时间、料液比和提取温度对多糖得率的影响,得出最优水提工艺为提取时间2 h、料液比1∶25(W/V)、提取温度90℃;考察了超声波辅助提取法中提取时间、料液比、提取温度和功率对多糖得率的影响,得到最优条件为提取时间35 min、料液比1∶25、提取温度70℃、提取功率60 W;考察了酶提取法中纤维素酶水解提取菊花多糖提取时间、料液比和酶用量对多糖得率的影响,得出的最优条件为提取时间2 h、物料比1∶40、加酶量占样品重的2%。结果表明,在所设定的实验条件下菊花多糖的得率,以酶提取法最高,超声波辅助提取法次之,水浸提法最低。
Three different procedures of hot water,ultrasonic-assisted and enzyme for the extraction of polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum were studied. The three procedures were compared and then the best procedure and the optimum extraction conditions were obtained. The hot water extraction conditions of chrysanthemum polysaccharides were investigated. Three parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of polysaccharides were extraction times,ratio of water to raw material and extraction temperature. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be extraction time 2 h,ratio of water to raw material 25(W/V),extraction temperature 90℃. The parameters of ultrasonic-assisted extraction on extraction efficiency of polysaccharides were extraction time,ratio of water to raw material,extraction temperature and ultrasonic power and the optimum extraction conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction were extraction time 35 min,ratio of water to raw material 25,extraction temperature 70℃and

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