比较目前生产生物柴油使用的一些技术方法，制造生物柴油的方法有4种：直接或混合使用法、微乳液法、高温裂解法和酯交换法，其中酯交换法是目前工业生产生物柴油中最常用的方法。重点描述酯交换法，详细讨论有催化剂和无催化剂2种酯交换过程，并对生产生物柴油的几种方法的优缺点进行讨论。

In this paper, a comparative review of the current technological methods so far used to produce biodiesel has been investigated. Four primary approaches to make biodiesel are direct use and blending of oils, micro-emulsions, thermal cracking and transesterification. Transesterification reaction is the most common method in the production of biodiesel. The two types of transesterification process (catalytic and non-catalytic) are discussed at length in the paper. Both advantages and disadvantages of the different biodiesel production methods are also discussed.

综述了近年来酯交换法、苯酚氧化羰化法、草酸二甲酯和苯酚交换、脱羰法和尿素酚解法4种非光气法催化合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)的研究进展,包括每种合成法所使用的催化剂、反应条件、反应物的转化率和产物的收率,指出了每种合成法的优缺点,并从原料来源的难易、催化剂制备的成本、产物的收率、生产工艺的复杂性、能耗等方面进行分析比较,指出选用酯交换法和尿素酚解法生产碳酸二苯酯较为有利,这两种合成法可能是未来研究的重点。

This paper is aimed to review the recent progress in catalytic synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by four non-phosgene routes,i.e. transesterification,oxidative carbonylation of phenol, transesterification-decarbonylation of dimethyl oxalate and phenolysis of urea. The review mainly focuses on the catalyst,the reaction condition,conversion of the reactant and the yield of product for each non-phosgene route,the advantages and disadvantages of which are described. Two routes, transesterification and phenolysis of urea,are preferred based on the comparison of raw materials, catalyst preparation,technology,and the energy consumption for four routes,so,these two routes may be dominant in future.

讨论了非光气的酯交换法、氧化羰基化法合成碳酸二苯酯的工艺路线和相关催化剂的研究进展.

Process and catalysts for the synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) without using phosgene are dicussed. They involve transesterification and carbonylation.

简述了光气甲醇法、酯交换法、甲醇羰基氧化法、尿素醇解法、二氧化碳甲醇直接合成法等碳酸二甲酯生产工艺,对不同生产工艺进行了比较,尿素醇解法因生产成本少、装置投资小,具有很大的发展空间。

@@@@Some methods are used for the synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate, such as phosgene alcoholysis, transesterification of propylenecarbonate or ethylenecarbonete, methanol oxy-carbonylation, urea transesterification and CO2 direct alcoholysis ect. And the economy of these methods are compared. The results showed that the process of urea transesterification is preferable because of least cost.

通过浸渍法制备以氟化钾为活性体、电石渣为载体的负载型钙基酯交换催化剂,并在借助X射线荧光光谱仪、热分析天平、X射线衍射仪、氮气吸附-脱附仪、扫描电子显微镜以及哈米特指示剂法等手段对催化剂表征,以及气相色谱仪对原料油成分分析的基础上,通过间歇式酯交换实验系统,从催化剂添加量、醇油物质的量比、酯交换温度与时间等影响因素出发,研究了电石渣负载氟化钾催化花生油与甲醇酯交换的特性。电石渣负载氟化钾后,产生KCaF3、CaF2以及KF等新物相,并且在催化剂添加量为5%、反应温度为62℃、反应时间为2 h以及醇油物质的量比为15的酯交换条件下,能够取得91.58%的甘油收率,相比较氢氧化钙和未有活性体负载的电石渣,其催化酯交换性能得到提高。

Using the potassium fluoride as the active site and the carbide slag as the carrier, a calcium-based loaded catalyst for the transesterification was prepared through the impregnation method. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis , X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, scanning electron microscope and Hammett indicator. Also, the composition of peanut oil was analyzed by gas chromatograph. Then, the performance of prepared catalyst in the transesterification of peanut oil with methanol was examined with a batchwise experimental system. After being loaded with potassium fluoride, the new textural phases of KCaF3 , CaF2 and KF emerge. Under the condition of the catalyst addition of 5%, the transesterification temperature of 62 ℃, the transesterification time of 2 h and the molar ratio of methanol to oil of 15, the glycerol yield of 91. 58% can be achieved. Compared with calcium hydroxide and unloaded carbide slag, this