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双语推荐:银行业

文章根据西藏自治区1990-2013年的统计数据分析了西藏自治区银行业发展与经济增长之间的关系。选取了银行业发展程度指标CR、银行业对企业的支持指标PC、银行业效率指标P、实际人均GDP增长率RGDP、资本存量等5个指标衡量西藏自治区银行业的发展情况,应用EViews5.0对选取的两个经济增长因变量RGDP和K与银行发展自变量P、PC和CR,分别进行线性作图分析,采取Engle和Granger的计量分析方法,在VAR基础上进行协整检验和建立误差修正模型。分析认为:第一,西藏银行业的发展虽然对经济的发展具有一定的支持作用,但远不如经济对银行业的支持;第二,西藏经济与银行业之间的关系更多地表现为各自发展,没有必然因果关系;银行业对经济增长之间明显处于“需求遵从”地位;第三,西藏银行业发展对当地经济增长的促进缺乏效率。
Based on the 1990-2013 statistical data, an analysis of the the relationship between the development of Tibet’s banking industry and economic growth has been done, and the results show:1. the development of Ti-bet’s banking industry promotes the economic growth of Tibet, but the support of Tibet’s economy to the local banking industry is far less;2. Tibet’s economy and its banking industry develop respectively, there is no posi-tive causal relationship between them. The banking industry play a“demand-following”role in the economic growth;3. the development of Tibet’s banking industry is the lack of efficiency in promoting the local economic growth.

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文章通过构建无导向型DEA-Malmquist 指数模型,对我国商业银行的全要素生产率进行了评估获结果显示:1996-2012年,我国银行业的全要素生产率有所提升,但提升速度较慢;已有的银行业改革虽有效果却不够深入;较高的进入壁垒、过严的业务监管以及单一的股权结构是我国银行业效率低下的主要根源。因此,应继续推进并深化银行业改革。降低银行业的进入门槛,放宽银行业的业务管制,丰富商业银行的股权结构,促进金融资源配置效率的不断提高。
The paper accesses the TFP of China’s commercial banks by building an un-oriented DEA-Malmquist Index mod-el. The results show that the Chinese banking industry’s total factor productivity has been improved, but very slowly from the year of 1996 to 2012;the existing banking reform is effective but not deep enough;the higher entry barrier, the more strict business regulation and the single ownership structure are the main sources of the inefficiency of China’s banking industry. Therefore, China should continue to promote and deepen the banking reform, lower the entry barrier, deregulate banking business, diversify the ownership structure of commercial banks and improve the efficiency of allocating financial resources constantly.

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房地产业和银行业均是资金密集型行业,风险管理是其健康发展的基石。在分析房地产业与银行业风险溢出机制基础上,采用GARCH-EVT模型、VaR-Granger因果关系检验模型研究我国房地产业与银行业间风险溢出效应,并基于条件风险价值CoVaR方法测度风险溢出强度。研究发现:a=5%显著水平下,房地产业与银行业之间存在双向的风险溢出效应;房地产业对银行业的风险溢出强度略强于银行业对房地产业的风险溢出强度,前者为36.73%,后者为33.96%。
Real estate and banking are capital-intensive industries. Risk management is the corner-stone of their healthy development. We provide an empirical study on spillover of extreme downside risk and the spillover degree between Chinese real estate and banking, by using GARCH-EVT, VaR-Grange, and CoVaR, basing on analyzing the spillover mechanic between Chinese real estate and banking. It is found that there exists strong risk spillover between Chinese real estate and banking at 5%significance level. The spillover degree of real estate to banking is stronger than degree of banking to real estate, the former is 36.73%and the latter is 33.96%.

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银行业在中国金融体系中居于核心地位,银行业税制改革将为金融改革提供有力的支持。通过对我国银行业目前税收制度的介绍,指出其存在的问题,提出完善我国银行业税收制度和政策的建议:一是渐进式推进银行业增值税改革;二是贷款损失全面实行专项准备金法扣除;三是完善税收优惠政策,加强对金融创新的税收研究;四是银行税对于中国银行业有风险警示意义。
Banking sector is the heart of the financial system in china. Bank levy reform provides strong support to the financial reform. In this paper, through reviewing the current bank levy system,problems are pointed out and the following proposals are put forward to better the bank tax policy: Firstly, the gradually push forward bank value-added tax reform. Secondly, loan losses should be completely deducted from special fianc6 reserve, thirdly, is to perfect the tax preferential policy and strengthen the tax research on financial innovation. Fourthly, bank tax provides risk warning to banking sector of China.

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银行业商业方法专利是提高银行工作效率、增强银行业市场竞争力的重要技术。通过检索我国银行业1985-2012年这28年的商业方法专利,从我国内外资银行的专利申请总量、申请年度趋势、申请人数趋势、主要银行各自的申请数量、专利发明人数的对比、专利涉及的主要IPC分类号等方面,分析我国银行业的商业方法专利发展现状,以及我国内资银行专利技术的优势与劣势,并就此提出促进银行业专利发展的对策与建议。
Banking business methods patent is important technology for banks to improve work efficiency and strengthen its competitive-ness in the banking market. By retrieving China''s banking business method patent application data of 28 years from 1985 to 2012, the cur-rent situation of business method patent development in China is analyzed from aspects of total application quantity of domestic and foreign banks in China, the annual trend of the application quantity and applicant, application quantity of main banks, the contrast of patent in-ventors, the involved IPC classification number and so on. Then feasible suggestions and countermeasures are put forward by analyzing the patent technology advantages and disadvantages of domestic banks in China.

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本文采用季度数据分析我国银行业市场结构,发现自2013年民营银行获得市场准入资格以来,我国银行业的市场结构竞争程度并未发生明显变化,仍然处于较低水平。建议通过增量改革,继续降低我国银行业市场集中度,促进银行业的竞争;完善相关法律和监管制度,规范银行市场退出机制;建立和发展存款保险制度。
The paper uses the quarterly data to analyze the market structure of China’s banking, and finds that since the private banks were granted the market access qualifications in 2013, the competitive degree of the market structure of China’s banking has not changed obviously and is still in a lower level. Suggestions are made to continue to reduce the market concentration of China’s banking and promote banking competition through the incremental reform, to perfect the relevant legal and regulatory system, to stan-dardize bank’s market withdrawal mechanism, to establish and develop the deposit insurance system.

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税收负担对银行业盈利性和安全性具有重要影响,银行规模不同,影响程度也会有差异。本文实证分析了税收负担对不同规模银行的盈利性和安全性的影响。研究表明,营业税和企业所得税实际税率与银行业盈利性和安全性负相关,且对中小银行的负面影响更为突出;税收负担制约了我国银行业市场结构的改善和国际竞争力的提升。本文认为,我国一方面应将银行业纳入"营改增"范围,以发挥税收鼓励银行业务创新的作用;另一方面要推进银行业累进制所得税税制改革,适度降低银行业尤其是中小银行的整体税负水平。
Tax burden has a significant impact on banks’profitability and safety and the influence varies with the size of the banks. An empirical analysis on the effects of tax burden shows that the effective tax rates of Business Tax(BT) and Enterprise Income Tax(EIT) are negatively correlated to banks’profitability and safety. Moreover, the negative effect is more outstanding on the small and medium-sized banks. The tax burden has hindered the improvement of the structure and lowered international competitiveness of China’s banking sector. Based on the empirical conclusion, this paper suggests that the change of BT to Value-added Tax should be extended to cover the banking industry to encourage financial innovation. The reform of the progressive EIT system should also be push forward in order to reduce the general tax burden on the the whole banking sector and small and middle-sized banks in particular.

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本文以迈克尔·波特的五种竞争力分析法为主线,对我国商业银行业的竞争格局进行分析;特别是保险业、证券业的发展,使商业银行面临的替代品不断增多;而随着银行业逐渐地对外开放,外资银行的不断进入使我国银行业面临更大的挑战;另外,银行监管当局和客户通过供给能力和议价能力也会影响银行业的竞争力。
This article analyzes the competitive landscape of commercial banks, basing on five kinds of competitive analysis of Michael Porter. Especially insurance and security are developing continuously, which make commercial banks face more and more substitutes. And with banks gradually open outside, more and more foreign banks enter into China financial market and make China’s banks face more and more challenge. What’s more, bank regulators and clients affect competitive forces through supply power and bargaining power.

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本文从大数据角度出发,分析我国银行业的现状及挑战,并对银行业的大数据管理提出几点建议。
This article analyzes the current situation and challenges of the banking industry in China from the perspective of big data and then puts forward some suggestions for bank big data management.

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2011年到2012年上半年,在我国银监会公布的数据显示,2011年我国银行业总资产达到113.28万亿元,相比2010年增长了18.9%,我国银行业的净利润也在2011年首次超过了万亿元大关,达到了39.3%的惊人增长。与此相应的是工业企业等实体经济日趋困难,我国银行业在经济发展中的作用再次遭受质疑。本文从银行利润来源的分析入手,指出我国银行业目前存在着因为政策性垄断和市场化改革不充分而带来的高额利润问题,并提出我国银行业在未来发展中需要改革的几点建议。
The data released by China banking regulatory commission (CBRC) from 2011 to the first half of 2012 showed that China banking financial institutions total assets of 113.28 trillion yuan in 2011, compared with 2010, growth of 18.9%, our country commercial bank''s net profit is more than trillion yuan for the first time in 2011, has realized the astonishing growth of 39.3%. Corresponding to this, industrial enterprise entity economy is becoming more difficult, the role of China''s banking industry in the economic development is questioned again. From the analysis of the source of banking profits, this paper points out there are problems of high profit in China''s banking industry due to policy monopoly and inadequate market reform at present and put forward reform suggestions for China''s banking industry in the future development.

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