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双语推荐:马赫曾德尔调制器

介绍了马赫曾德尔调制器的工作原理及传输曲线随温度漂移引起偏置工作点改变的现象。理论推导出基于谐波分析的马赫曾德尔调制器偏压工作点稳定控制方法,同时通过导频信号来度量偏压工作点的漂移量。设计出基于FPAG的马赫曾德尔调制器偏压控制硬件模块,通过记录接入该模块前后PIN光电二极管电压及马赫曾德尔调制器输出光功率的变化情况,最终证实该偏压控制模块可以实现稳定马赫曾德尔调制器工作点的目的。
This paper describes the working principle of Mach-Zehnder modulator. And the phenomenon that the transfer curve drifting with temperature would result in the change of bias operating point is also proposed . The stability control method for Mach-Zehnder modulator bias operating point based on harmonic analysis is also theoretically derived. At the same time, the bias-drifty amount of the operating point is measured with a pilot signal. The Mach-Zehnder modulator bias control module based on FPGA is de-signed. The changes of PIN photodiode voltage and the optical output power of before and after the connec-tion of Mach-Zehnder modulator indicate that the bias control module could achieve the stability of Mach-Zehnder modulator operating point.

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本文提出了一种锁定铌酸锂马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM)偏置工作点的方法 ,通过引入一个特殊的测试电压和校准马赫-曾德尔调制器的最大输出光强,反馈信号受输入光功率的波动和探测器的暗噪声影响很小,偏置锁定精度可以达到±0.05°(标准偏差)。这种方法可以锁定铌酸锂马赫-曾德尔调制器传递函数上的任意工作点,且不需要加入额外的扰动信号,可以应用于连续变量量子密钥分发等领域。
We propose a dither-free bias control technique for lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM)which can be used in continuous-variable quantum key distribution.Due to the introduction of a specific test phase bias and calibration of MZM maximum output optical power,the feedback signal was insensitive to the system’s noises including the input optical power fluctuations and the dark noise of photodetector.The technique can be used to lock any arbitrary position along the MZM transfer function with a locking accuracy around ± 0.05 degrees (standard deviation).
马赫-曾德尔电光调制器的偏置点控制是光载射频传输链路中一项十分关键的技术。为了分析马赫-曾德尔电光调制器偏置点抖动控制对射频信号的影响,用贝塞尔级数展开再进行频谱分析的方法对系统输出信号成分进行了理论分析,设计了马赫-曾德尔调制器任意点控制系统并进行了实验验证。用MATLAB进行仿真后可知,在输入射频功率为18dBm时,抖动信号幅度需小于45mV,2次射频信号对抖动信号引起的频率分量抑制比才能大于20dB;而在输入射频功率为10dBm时,这个幅度要小于19mV。改变抖动信号幅度进行实验,得到2次射频信号对抖动信号引起的频率分量抑制比与仿真结果误差始终保持在3dB-3.2dB左右。结果表明,马赫曾德尔电光调制器工作在线性偏置点时,抖动信号引起的频率分量是可以忽略的;但将调制器偏置控制在最低偏置点时,对射频信号的影响不可忽略。
Bias control of Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulators ( EOM) is of great importance in radio over fiber links.In order to study the impact of dither tone-based modulator bias control on radio frequency ( RF) signal, the output signal component of the system was theoretically analyzed by means of spectrum analysis after it was turned into the Bessel series, a system for arbitrary bias point was designed to confirm the analysis experimentally .The results of MATLAB simulation show that when the input RF power is 18dBm, only when the amplitude of dither tone is smaller than 45mV, the suppression ratio of the second harmonic of RF signal to signal caused by dither tone can be greater than 20dB.When the input RF power is 10dBm, the amplitude should be smaller than 19mV accordingly.When the amplitude of dither tone changes, the error between the experimental data of the suppression ratio of the second harmonic of RF signal to signal caused by dither tone and the simulation results is maintai
针对卫星通信中射频载波信号光学传输问题,建立了星间微波光子链路,利用两个并联双电极马赫-曾德尔电光调制器,以光载波抑制调制方式实现了星间微波信号的光域传输和下变频.利用贝赛尔函数展开推导了多载波输入情况下接收信号任意谐波和交调分量表达式,得到了输出信号噪声失真比与输入载波数关系,利用曲面投影法求得了不同载波数时电光调制器最佳调制系数,分析了载波数对最佳调制系数、光发射功率和最优信号噪声失真比的影响.结果表明,射频本振调制器的最佳调制系数在载波数变化时可以保持不变,射频信号调制器的最佳调制系数和最优信号噪声失真比随载波数增大而减小,光发射功率随载波数增大而增大.
@@@@To solve the optical handling of microwave signal problem in satellite communication, the inter-satellite microwave photonic link is presented. Two parallel dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulators are utilized to achieve the inter-satellite optical transmission and frequency down conversion of microwave signals based on optical carrier suppression modulation. The solution for any harmonic and intermodulation components of receiver signal is derived with Bessel expansion, and the relationship formula between carrier number and output signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) is deduced. The optimum modulation indexes are obtained with curved surface projection method. The effects of carrier number to optimum modulation indexes, optical emission power and SNDR are analyzed. The results show that, the optimum modulation index of modulator with local oscillator can remain unchanged while the carrier number changes. When the carrier number increases, the optimum modulation index of mod

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搭建了一种基于光载波抑制产生6倍频毫米波的RoF系统。系统采用马赫-曾德尔强度调制器(MZM)和滤波器抑制了偶次和一阶光边带,2个三阶光边带在基站端的光电检测器中进行拍频,得到了6倍频毫米波信号。仿真结果表明,采用10GHz的微波信号,可以产生60GHz的毫米波,2.5GB/s的信号可以在单模光纤中传输15km以上。
A scheme of RoF system based on optical carrier suppression to generate frequency-sextupled millimeter-wave effec-tively is demonstrated. A Mach-zehnder intensity modulator(MZM)and an optical filter are equipped to produce a signal whose even-order and first-order sideband is suppressed by adjusting the bias voltage of MZM. The signal is transmitted to the base station(BS). In BS,two third-order sidebands beat to generate optical millimeter-wave with sextuple frequency in the photoelectric detector. Simulation results show that the 60 GHz optical millimeter-wave can be generated by 10 GHz RF resource. The eye diagram proves that the 2. 5 GB/s data is successfully transmitted over 15 km single-mode fiber.
为了实现对双电极马赫-曾德尔电光调制器任意直流偏置点的自动偏置控制,采用在闭环控制基础上,引入一个可调移相器使不同直流偏置点处误差信号相同的方法,理论分析了可调移相器相移量与直流偏置相位的关系,仿真得到对于不同偏置点,当调制器直流偏置相位漂移达-0.15rad~0.08rad,移相器引入附加相位漂移-0.55rad~0.55rad时,经偏置控制后相位漂移被限制在-3.0×10-4rad~1.7×10-4rad范围内。结果表明,该方法有效实现了对电光调制器任意直流偏置点的自动偏置控制。
To control the bias of dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulators automatically,an adjustable phase shifter was introduced based on closed-loop control method so that the error signal remained the same at different direct-current(DC)bias points.The relationship between phase shift of the adjustable shifter and DC bias phase was derived by theoretical analysis.Simulation showed that,the drift of DC bias phase in the range of -0.15rad~0.08rad with the added phase drift caused by the phase shifter in the range of -0.55rad~0.55rad could be suppressed to -3.0 ×10-4 rad~1.7 × 10-4 rad at different DC bias points.The results show that the automatic bias control of an electro-optic modulator at any DC bias points is effectively achieved.
随着信息技术对通信系统的容量、带宽、安全性以及灵活性的要求越来越高,当今通信网络逐渐不能满足这种需求,光载毫米波系统已经成为目前国内外的研究热点。通过理论建模,在光载毫米波信号系统的发送端利用两平行的马赫-曾德尔调制器分别对两射频信号进行调制,经过长距离的光纤传输之后,在接收端利用两个光电探测器分别进行探测,通过仿真在接收端同时产生了两束高质量的毫米波信号,并得到了解调之后的基带信号的眼图。
With the development of information technology,it requires more power for the capacity,bandwidth,security and flexibility of the communication system.However,the communication network today gradually can’t meet this need,so the radio over fiber system has become a research hotspot at home and abroad.Through theoretical modeling, two RF signals are modulated respectively by using the two parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulators on the transmitting side of the radio over fiber system.After a long-distance optical fiber transmission,the signals are detected by using two photodetectors to on the receiving end.The two high quality beams of millimeter wave signals are produced by simula-ting.In the meanwhile,the eye diagram of the demodulation baseband signal is obtained.

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首次提出了利用单个波长实现光矢量调制技术的方法。在提出的方案中,通过直接控制双驱动马赫曾德尔调制器( DD-MZM )的射频驱动电压初始相位来获得正交条件,并在接受机端用一个纠正电路对接收信号进行调整。这种调制方式由于仅采用一个波长,不仅提高了光载波的频谱利用率,而且使正交条件不受光纤长度的影响,从而增加了整个系统的灵活性。仿真结果论证了QPSK和16-QAM两种调制格式下速率分别为2Gbit/s和4Gbit/s的42GHz毫米波信号生成。
A novel method was proposed to implement Photonic Vector Modulation ( PVM ) with single wavelength .In the proposed scheme , the orthogonality condition was acquired by directly controlling the initial phase of the radio frequency drive voltage , which is applied on both electrodes of a dual -drive Mach-Zehnder modulator ( DD-MZM) .A correcting circuit was used to correct the receipted signal in the receiver .Because only one wavelength was employed , this modulation system not only improved the frequency spectrum utilization of optical carrier , but also gave us the additional flexibility since the orthogonality condition is not affected by the fiber length.Simulation result shows that a 2Gbit/s QPSK and a 4Gbit/s 16-QAM signal of 42GHz millimeter wave were generated respectively .

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高速光信号源在现代光通信中不可或缺,目前倍受研究者关注。提出了利用一种具有偏置控制的马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM),采用倍频方案产生高速微波光子信号,并进行了实验研究。通过在MZM上施加一定的直流偏置引起两臂光脉冲的相位差,使光脉冲发生分裂实现倍频。实验中,利用5 GHz的射频信号源,成功获得了频率增加一倍的10 GHz高质量高速光信号。同时,也可以观察到在不同偏置电压下会产生不同的脉冲序列,发现优化偏压是实现高质量倍频的必要条件。该方案可用于产生40 GHz以上的高频率光脉冲,可广泛应用于高速光通信。
High- speed photonic signal source is absolute necessity for modern optical communications, which attracts more and more attention at present. By using a biased Mach- Zehnder modulator (MZM), a simple scheme based on frequency multiplication was presented and experimentally investigated for generation of high- speed microwave photonic signal. The phase difference of two beams in the MZM was adjusted by a DC bias applied on the MZM, which caused pulse splitting and frequency multiplication. In the experiment, a 5- GHz RF signal source successfully generated double- frequency microwave optical signal (10- GHz) with great quality. It was also observed that different biased voltage would produce different pulse train, while the optimal bias was required for high- quality frequency multiplication. This scheme is available to generate high- frequency optical pulses over 40 GHz, which is promising to be widely used in microwave photonic communication.

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建立了包括光源、马赫曾德尔调制器、掺铒光纤放大器和光电探测器的双音调制星间微波光子链路模型.利用贝塞尔函数展开、傅里叶变换/反变换和Graf加法定理,推导出探测器输出信号的严格通用解析解,考虑三阶交调失真的影响,得出信号噪声失真比(SNDR)的表达式.着重分析了在不同调制方式下SNDR、基波和三阶交调信号功率随射频输入功率的变化情况.数值计算结果表明:SNDR、基波和三阶交调信号功率随射频输入功率的增大先增大后减小,存在最优的射频输入信号功率使SNDR达到最大.相同射频输入功率条件下,双边带调制SNDR大于单边带调制,适合星间微波光子链路应用.
A dual-tone modulation intersatellite microwave photonics link model was presented including optical source, Mach-Zehnder modulator, erbium-doped fiber amplifier and photodiode. An exact analytical solution for any harmonic and intermodulation components at the output of the detector was deduced with the method of bessel expansion, fourier transform/inverse fourier transform and graf addition theory, thus, the expression of SNDR was derived considering the effects of third-order intermodulation distortion (IM3). The SNDR, fundamental and IM3 power varies with the radio frequency (RF) input power under different modulation modes was analyzed. Numerical results indicate that the SNDR, fundamental and IM3 power increases and decreases as the increase of RF input power, there is an optimum RF input power that maximize the SNDR. The SNDR of double sideband modulation is larger than single sideband modulation under the same RF input power and it is suitable for the application of i

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