在日益增长的能源需求与日益严峻的全球气候变化带来的双重压力下,清洁、高效且经济的能源利用方法显得尤为重要。将化学链概念用于传统化石能源的转化是一种前景广阔的新技术。化学链燃烧利用载氧体间接转化含碳燃料,同时实现二氧化碳的捕集。俄亥俄州立大学研发了采用铁基载氧体和移动床反应器的化学链技术,可实现天然气、煤、生物质等多种燃料向电力、氢、液体燃料等产品的零排放转化。目前,合成气化学链（syngas chemical looping,SCL）和煤直接化学链（coal direct chemical looping,CDCL）技术两套25 kWth级小试装置已成功运行总计超过850 h,一套250 kWth级的高压SCL装置即将投入示范运行。

Driven by increasing demands for energy and concerns for climate change, more attention are paid to the development of clean, efficient, and economical technologies for energy conversion, among which chemical looping is considered as a promising alternative for fossil fuel conversion. Chemical looping processes enable highly efficient in situ CO2 capture in oxidation of carbonaceous fuels by making use of solid oxygen carriers. The Ohio State University (OSU) has developed a unique chemical looping technology utilizing iron-based oxygen carrier and moving bed reactors. Thermodynamic analysis shows that counter-current moving bed reactor can maximize oxygen carrier conversion while fully converting fuels, enabling high purity H2 production by iron-steam reaction. OSU chemical looping is highly flexible for converting a variety of gaseous and solid fuels to electricity, H2, and chemicals with CO2 captured. To date, the syngas chemical looping (SCL) technology and the coal direct chemical

饮料生产设备使用热水和碱液的传统清洗消毒方式,会造成大量的蒸汽、化学药品(氢氧化钠)、水的耗用,并且增加了生产制造成本,企业在追求效益的同时需要降低生产成本和减少环境的污染。采用一种新的电解活化水(Electro-Chemical Activation Water,ECA))清洗消毒代替传统的清洗消毒方式,将有助于降低生产成本,减少对环境的污染,并且清洗效果及运行良好稳定。

Traditional cleaning and disinfection methods (hot water and lye)used for beverage production equipment will lead to great consumptions of steam,chemical(sodium hydroxide)and water and increased manufacturing costs. So,bev-erage companies need to focus on the reductions of production costs and environmental pollutions besides the pursuit of profits. New electro-chemical activation water (ECA)used in cleaning and disinfection instead of the traditional methods will help to reduce production costs and environmental pollutions,and good cleaning effect and stable operation have been proved.

以电子辅助热丝化学气相沉积（Electron-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition，EACVD）一体化系统为研究对象，根据金刚石沉积过程中对衬底温度的要求，设计了模糊PID衬底温度控制系统。使用结果表明：该系统对化学气相沉积（ CVD）金刚石的衬底温度参数控制精确，能够长时间稳定运行，可以制备出高质量的CVD金刚石涂层。

According to the requirement for the temperature in the deposition of the diamond ,a fuzzy-PID compound control meth-od was established in the integration Electron-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition ( EACVD) system.The experiment of CVD dia-mond deposition shows that the process parameters can be accurately controlled and the system can apply stable long -term opera-tion.It can be used for the deposition of high quality CVD diamond coating .

为保证加拿大的食品安全,加拿大政府建立了完善的食品监管体系。作为监控体系的重要表现形式,加拿大政府制定并实施涵盖内容广泛、形式多样的食品安全监控计划,这些计划的主要构成是食品抽样和检测行动(sampling and testing activities),该行动分为监控抽样、基于风险的抽样、定向抽样、合规检测、目标调查和法律抽样,以监控食品中的病原微生物、化学残留及污染物,其中涉及化学残留控制计划的行动涵盖了除“基于风险的抽样”之外的其他5个种类。本文选取了2种典型的控制计划：全面系统的国家残留监控计划(national chemical residue monitoring program, NCRMP)和灵活针对性强的目标调查,详细介绍了NCRMP的法律背景、统计学依据、抽样化合物确定模型、抽样结果报告、结果应用等内容,并简要介绍了目标调查；最后分析了加拿大监控体系的特点。旨在帮助我国政府部门和企业了解加拿大的化学残留监控体系和制度。

ABSTRACT:The Canadian government operates a perfect food safety program designed to ensure that food available to Canadians is safety. As the major manifestation of monitoring system, Canadian government designs and implements comprehensive, diversified food safety monitoring plans, which consists of food sampling and testing activities. The activities are classified as 6 different types: monitoring sampling, risk-based sampling, directed sampling, compliance testing, targeted surveys and legal sampling in order to monitor pathogenic microorganism, chemical residues and contaminants. The five types are related to chemical residue control program except risk-based sampling. The paper chose the two typical programs: comprehensive and systematic national chemical residue monitoring program (NCRMP) and flexible and to the point targeted surveys, elaborated NCRMP’s legal authority, statistical considerations, risk priority compound model, sampling result report and result applica

极性有机化合物整合采样技术( Polar organic chemical integrative samplers,POCIS)适用于极性有机污染物的采集,随着新型极性有机污染物的不断出现,该技术已经引起了科学家的广泛关注。本文概述了几种常用的被动采样装置,重点介绍了POCIS采样器的一般结构、富集原理、环境因素如流速、温度、pH、溶解性有机质、盐度及膜的污染等对采样速率的影响,讨论了针对极性物质检测的质量控制和保证以及性能参考物质,综述了POCIS在水环境有机污染物监测中的应用。最后,本文对POCIS的应用前景进行了展望。

Polar organic chemical integrative samplers ( POCIS ) are suitable for the sampling of polar organic pollutants in the aquatic environment. POCIS have evoked extensive attention recently with the occurrence of emerging polar organic pollutants. This review first overviewed the advantages and shortcomings of several popular passive sampling devices; and then focused on the basic structure, modeling and principles of sampling and effects of environmental factors including flow rate, temperature, pH, DOM, salinity and membrane fouling on the sampling rate(RS)of POCIS. Then quality assurance and quality control as well as performance reference compounds for polar organic compounds were discussed. The applications of POCIS in the monitoring of organic pollutants in the aquatic environment were reviewed. Finally, the prospect in this research field was discussed.