川楝子为楝科植物川楝Melia toosendan Sieb.et Zucc.的干燥成熟果实，是我国传统中药中的理气药，具有疏肝理气、行气止痛、杀虫的功效，常用于胸胁、脘腹胀痛、疝痛、虫积腹痛等症。本品最早见于《神农本草经》，从川楝子的名称、形态、药性归经、炮制、毒性与使用注意等方面对其进行考证。

Toosendan Fructus,Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. is the dried and ripe fruit of Meliaceae plant,which is a Chinese Herbal Medicine in regulating Qi. Its main effect includes releasing liver qi,promoting qi circulation to relieve pain and killing insects. And it is commonly used in the chest and abdominal pain,bloating,colic,insect abdominal pain embolism. We first found it in “Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic”. This article would trace Toosendan Fructus from its name,morphology,properties and tropism of herb,processing and toxicity and so on.

为研究不同生长时期东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata Sieb.et Zucc.)针叶内防御蛋白的变化,分别对5、7、9月份的东北红豆杉雌、雄株针叶内防御蛋白PPO、PAL、POD、CAT、TI和CI活性进行了分析。结果表明:不同生长时期东北红豆杉防御蛋白的活性差异显著(P0.05),除POD活性在9月份达到最高值外,PPO、PAL、CAT、TI和CI的活性均在7月份达到最高值;不同生长时期雌、雄株防御蛋白活性的变化趋势基本一致。

We measured the activities of PPO ,PAL , POD, CAT, TI and CI in the leaves of female and male Taxus csu pidate Sieb.et Zucc.in May, July and September to investigate the seasonal variations of defense protein activities in leaves .The activities of defense proteins were all significantly different among the different months ( P<0.05) .The activities of PPO , PAL, CAT, TI and CI all peaked in July , and the activity of POD peaked in September .The female and male tree leaves were in the same trend .

木鱼坪淫羊藿Epimedium franchetii Stearn被认为狭域分布于湖北神农架和贵州贵阳,在花期开展的箭叶淫羊藿E.sagittatum(Sieb.et Zucc.)Maxim野外调查中发现,原本记载为箭叶淫羊藿的部分居群经鉴定为木鱼坪淫羊藿,为江西和湖南的新分布。导致这种鉴定错误的主要原因有:1)花部特征对淫羊藿属物种鉴定极其关键,但该属腊叶标本,尤其是早期标本,多缺乏花部特征。2)淫羊藿属植物花期较短,多数物种尚未开展花期的野外调查。因此,淫羊藿属的分类学研究应尽量以花期的居群为对象。木鱼坪淫羊藿的新分布记录扩充了其分布范围和生境需求,对淫羊藿属系统地理与区系研究和资源利用具有重要意义。

Epimedium franchetii Stearn ( Berberidaceae ) ,a species native to Shonnongia Forest of Hubei and Guiyang of Guizhou,was discovered in Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces .These populations have previously been considered as E.sagittatum ( Sieb.et Zucc.) Maxim.The main reasons for this misclassification were:1) Floral characters of the genus Epimedium are most important for its taxonomy .However ,these features are often lacking in most herbarium specimens due to the fact that the Epimedium species have very short flowering peri-od.2) Most species are lack of field investigation ,especially that during the full-bloom stage.Therefore,the au-thers suggest that plant taxonomists should use the populations during flower season in their plant taxonomy , which can not only provide fundamental data for its classification , but also conduce to understanding plant a-daptability and probe into its evolution mechanism .The discovery of E.franchetii in Jiangxi and Hunan Prov-inces would provide the founda

类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶(flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase,UF3GT)可以把不稳定的花色素催化成花色素苷.本研究采用同源基因克隆技术获得箭叶淫羊藿Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb.and Zucc.)Maxim.UF3GT基因cDNA开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF)序列,命名为EsUF3GT(GenBank注册号为KJ648620).序列分析表明,该基因ORF全长为1356 bp,编码451个氨基酸,与其它植物中UF3GT蛋白序列的相似性为40％ ～50％.进化树分析发现,EsUF3G 7同催化类黄酮3-O糖基化的糖基转移酶聚为一枝.qRT-PCR分析结果显示,EsUF3G 7在花中的表达量最高,约为叶片、花蕾中表达水平的2.3倍,果实及根中表达水平的19倍.花青素含量检测表明,花蕾中的含量最高(130.4 mg/100 g),分别是叶片、花、果实及根中含量的3.5、5.2、72、87倍.我们推测EsUF3GT参与了箭叶淫羊藿花色素苷的生物合成,此结果为深入开展Es-UF3GT的生化功能研究奠定了基础.

Flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (UF3GT) can catalyze unstable anthocyanidin into anthocyanin.In this study,the Open Reading Frame (ORF) sequence of a novel UF3GT gene,designated as EsUF3GT,was isolated from Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb.and Zucc.)Maxim.using homologous gene cloning.The sequence was logged into the GenBank database with an accession No.of KJ648620.Its cDNA sequence contained a 1356 bp complete ORF,encoding 451 amino acids,and the deduced amino acid showed 40％-50％homology with other plant UF3GTs.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that EsUF3GT had a close relationship with glycosyltransferases (GTs) that catalyze the flavonoid 3-O glycosylation from various species.qRT-PCR analysis indicated that EsUF3GT showed the highest expression level in flowers,about 2.3 times that found in leaves and flower buds,and 19 times that found in the fruit and roots.Anthocyanin showed the highest accumulation level of 130.4 mg/100 g in flower buds,about 3.5,5.2,72 and 87 times that

对皖南亚热带常绿阔叶林林下灌木层主要树种草珊瑚〔Sarcandra glabra(Thunb.)Nakai〕、乌药〔Lindera aggregata(Sims)Kosterm.〕、香桂(Cinnamomum subavenium Miq.)、红楠(Machilus thunbergii Sieb.et Zucc.)、连蕊茶〔Camellia cuspidata(Kochs)H.J.Veitch〕、甜槠〔Castanopsis eyrei(Champ.ex Benth.)Tutch.〕、矩叶鼠刺(Itea oblonga Hand.-Mazz.)、红淡比(Cleyera japonica Thunb.)和小叶蚊母树〔Distylium buxifolium(Hance)Merr.〕叶片养分(包括C、N、P、K、Ca和Mg)含量、单位叶面积养分含量和比叶面积进行了测定,并分析了比叶面积与养分含量和单位叶面积养分含量的相关性。结果表明:9种树种叶片的C、N、P、K、Ca和Mg含量分别为438.09~492.31、9.79~15.60、0.33~2.06、11.39~32.52、3.84~13.34和2.85~14.05 g·kg-1,单位叶面积C、N、P、K、Ca和Mg含量分别为24.48~47.38、0.66~1.03、0.02~0.21、0.73~1.82、0.22~1.35和0.20~1.05 g·m-2,C/N比、C/P比和N/P比分别为31.40~47.88、227.76~1 495.66和5.26~32.90。9种树种叶片的比叶面积平均值为14.5 m2·kg-1,其中草珊瑚的比叶面积最大(17.90 m2·kg-1)、小叶蚊母树的比叶面积最小(9.89 m2·kg-1)。相关性分析结果表明:供试树种叶片的C/P比与N/P比间呈极显著正相关;比叶面积与叶片N含量呈显著正相关,与单位叶面积C、N和Ca含量分别呈极显著和显著负相关,与其他指标的相关性均不显著。综合分析结果表明:皖南亚热带常绿阔叶林下灌木层主要树种叶片的养分含量及比叶面积差异明显,其中,乌药、草珊瑚、矩叶鼠刺和香桂叶片的养分含量较高,而小叶蚊母树、红淡比和红楠的单位叶面积养分含量较高。

Nutrient ( including C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg) content in leaf, nutrient content per unit leaf area and specific leaf area ( SLA ) of main tree species Sarcandra glabra ( Thunb.) Nakai, Lindera aggregata ( Sims ) Kosterm., Cinnamomum subavenium Miq., Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., Camellia cuspidata ( Kochs) H. J. Veitch, Castanopsis eyrei ( Champ. ex Benth.) Tutch., Itea oblonga Hand.-Mazz., Cleyera japonica Thunb. and Distylium buxifolium ( Hance) Merr. in shrub layer under subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Southern Anhui were determined, and correlations of SLA with nutrient content and nutrient content per unit leaf area were analyzed. The results show that contents of C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaf of nine tree species are 438. 09-492. 31, 9. 79-15. 60, 0. 33-2. 06, 11. 39-32. 52, 3. 84-13. 34 and 2. 85-14. 05 g·kg-1 , respectively; contents of C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg per unit leaf area are 24 . 48-47 . 38 , 0 . 66-1 . 03 , 0 . 02-0 . 21 , 0 . 73-1 . 82 , 0 .