近年来丁酸盐作为饲用抗生素的替代品，广泛应用于动物生产中。本文就丁酸的生物学功能、几种不同的丁酸产品的特点及其在猪禽生产中的应用作一综述，为实际生产中丁酸产品的应用提供依据。

In recent years, butyrate products have been deeply applied to animal production as substitutes for feed antibiotic. This paper reviewed biological functions of butyrate, characteristics of different types of buty-rate and their application in pigs and poultry production.

目的：了解城镇居民抗生素知识掌握程度及使用情况，分析抗生素滥用原因，为预防和控制抗生素滥用提供依据。方法随机整群选取安徽省芜湖市四个行政区城镇居民1623人，采用匿名调查抗生素知识掌握程度及使用情况、抗生素滥用原因。结果调查人群抗生素概念知晓率为61．19％，随着年龄的增大，抗生素知识知晓率越低，而随着文化程度的增高，抗生素知识知晓率呈增高趋势；医务人员的知识知晓率高于非医务人员。76．50％调查对象家中常备抗生素，“是否严格按照医嘱使用抗生素”回答肯定比例最多，占92．50％，“生病后是否主动要求医生开抗生素”回答肯定的比例仅为27．13％，男女差异有统计学意义（χ2＝4．910，P＝0．027）。结论城镇居民抗生素知识的缺乏是造成抗生素不正确使用的主要原因，需加大宣传力度和监管力度以遏制当前抗生素滥用现状。

Objective To understand the level of antibiotics knowledge and status ofantibiotics using among urban resi-dents, analyze the reasons of antibiotics abuse, and to provide the measures to prevent and control the overuse of antibiotic. Methods Random cluster method was used to select 1623 residents from four districts in Wuhu, Anhui Province, and the anon-ymous investigation was conducted with antibiotics knowledge, status of antibiotics using, and the causes of antibiotics abuse. Results The awareness of participants about the antibiotics was 61.19%.The awareness of antibiotics knowledge decreased with increasing age and increased with the rising of educational background, and the knowledge of medical staff was significantly higher than that in other population.76.50%of participants prepared antibiotics in home, and to the question of″If using antibi-otics in strict accordance with the doctor′s advice″, the proportion with affirmative answer was 92.50%, while to the questio

目的探讨抗生素分级管理制度实施后的应用效果。方法对本院2011年1—6月即抗生素分级管理制度实施前和2012年1—6月即抗生素分级管理制度实施后本院住院、门诊抗生素的使用率、Ⅰ类切口手术抗生素预防使用率进行分析,观察变化情况。结果实行抗生素分级管理后,住院、门诊抗生素的使用频率及Ⅰ类切口手术抗生素药物的预防使用率均比前一年降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论抗生素分级管理应用于医院用药系统中对指导临床合理使用抗生素具有重要的指导意义,值得临床上进行普遍的推广使用。

Objective To explore application and effect of antibiotics classification management system. Methods The hospital inpatient and outpatient utilization rate of antibiotic drugs from January 2O11 to June 2O11 before the use of antibiot-ics classification management and from January 2O12 to June 2O12 after the use of antibiotic classification management,type Ⅰincision operation prophylactic antibiotics usage results were treated for statistical analysis. Results After the implementation of classification management antibiotics,antibiotic use frequency of inpatient and outpatient,type Ⅰ incision operation of antibiot-ics rate were lower than the first year,the differences were statistically significant(P < O. O5). Conclusion There are impor-tant guiding significance to guide the rational use of antibiotics because antibiotics used in hospitals medication classification man-agement system,and it is worthy of widespread clinical use to promote.

目的观察分析综合干预措施在医院内科抗生素合理应用中的重要作用。方法参照《抗生素临床应用指导原则》制定以抗生素的联用率和使用率为量化指标的评价标准，运用综合干预措施指导抗生素的合理使用，并观察分析运用综合干预措施前后临床工作中抗生素的使用情况。结果运用抗生素综合管理措施之前，多以经验用药为主且无合理指征应用抗生素的情况较为多见，临床应用中问题较为突出，运用综合管理措施之后，病原送检率明显升高，同时抗生素药物的使用率和联用率也显著降低。结论运用有效措施对抗生素使用进行综合干预，可以显著提高病原送检率降低抗生素的使用率和联合用药率，对内科人员合理使用抗生素具有积极意义。

Objective Observation and analysis of comprehensive intervention measures on hospital clinical rational use of antibiotics in the important role of. Methods According to the"guiding principles for clinical application of antibiotics"to develop antibiotic combined with utilization rate and for the quantitative indexes of evaluation standard, comprehensive intervention measures to guide the rational use of antibiotics, and use comprehensive intervention measures before and after the observation and analysis of antibiotic usage in clinical work. Results The use of antibiotics to comprehensive management measures before, much to experience medication and without reasonable indications for antibiotics in the more common clinical application, the issue is relatively outstanding, with comprehensive management measures, pathogen detection rate was significantly elevated, and antibiotic drug usage and hyphenated was also significantly reduced. Conclusion The use of effective measures for compre

目的：分析我院儿科门诊抗生素使用情况，为临床抗生素合理使用提供参考。方法：随机抽取我院儿科门诊处方2500张，根据相关标准，进行抗生素使用情况统计分析。结果：2500张门诊处方中，含抗生素处方973张，占全部处方的38．92％；973张抗生素处方中，不合理抗生素用药处方172张，占抗生素处方的17．68％，用药不合理最突出的是选药，其后依次是疗程，用药方法，药物配伍。5因素比较有显著统计学差异（X2＝35．280，P＜0．01）。结论：儿科抗生素的使用应该尤为谨慎，遵循安全、有效和经济的原则。尽量不使用抗生素，若必须使用，必须给予严密的观察和监测。

Objective :To explore the service condition of antibiotics in department of pediatrics of our hospital ,and provide consultation for proper using of pediatrics .Methods:To randomly choose 2500 piece of prescription of from department of pediatrics ,and process the statistics and analysis about the service condition of antibiotics according to related standard .Result:It took up 38 .92 % ( 973 pieces) that included antibiotics in 2500 piece of prescription ;It took up 17 .68 % ( 172 pieces) that included not proper using of antibiotics in 973 piece of proper using of antibiotics prescription . the condition of not proper using of antibiotics from high to low was choosing of drugs ,period of treatment ,using of drugs and compatibility of drugs .There were significant differences between 5 factors(X2 = 35 .280 ,P< 0 .01) .Conclusion:Using of antibiotics in department of pediatrics should be cautious especially ,and abides by economical ,effective and safe norms .Do not using antibiotics a