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双语推荐：高分子物理

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功能高分子材料是高分子专业主要的专业课程，它建立在高分子物理、高分子化学等相关学科的基础上，与化工、环境、信息、物理、医学、生物等学科存在广泛的交叉融合，是当前高分子学科中发展最为迅速的领域之一。功能高分子材料具有种类繁多、知识体系复杂、知识更新快等特点，对课堂教学提出了较高的要求。笔者根据自身的教学经验探讨如何较好地开展教学实践并采取相应的教学改革措施。
[Abstract]As a main specialized course for undergraduate students majored in polymer, “Functional Polymer Materials” is based on polymer chemistry, polymer physics and other relative courses and intersects with chemical engineering, environmental, information, physics, medicine, biology and other subjects.“Functional Polymer Materials”is one of the most rapidly developing subjects in polymer science field. Due to the numerous kinds of functional polymer materials, complicated knowledge system and rapidly updated novel knowledge, proper classroom teaching pattern for this course should be used. In this manuscript, I will discuss the teaching practice and teaching reforms for this course based on my teaching experience.

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通过对本校高分子专业学生在学习高分子物理过程中出现的相关问题进行调查和分析,阐明了如何培养大学生高分子物理自主探究学习能力,提出一些实践性的策略和方法。提倡分步完成自主探究学习过程,包括创设情景、激发探究欲望,设计问题、实践探究内容,强化训练、延伸自主探究。
By means of investigating and analyzing the issue occurring in the learning process of polymer physics for our college students , how to cultivate the students ’ self-inquiry learning ability during the process was illustrated and some practical strategies and methods were proposed.The self-inquiry learning process was accomplished step by step , including creating situations , stimulating the desire for exploration , designing problems , practicing the content for exploration , intensive training and extending the self -inquiry.

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《高分子物理》课程课程具有理论抽象、内容多、体系庞杂等特点,使教学面临严峻的挑战。本文针对《高分子物理》课程的学科现状及存在的问题及高等教育改革的需要,从教学内容、教学手段、教学方法以及实践教学等方面进行了分析以及提出了一些见解,以期在有限的学时内取得较好的教学效果。
The characteristics of polymer physics course recently challenged the teaching way because it consisted of theoretical abstraction , content, and system confused.The subject status of the polymer physics course and the existing problems and requirement of higher education reform , the current teaching condition and existing problems were analyzed.The teaching reform of polymer physics was discussed in different aspects such as teaching contents , means, methods, and practice teaching.The purpose was to get better teaching effect in limited period.

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从地方应用型本科院校的培养目标出发,针对《高分子物理》课程的基本特点,结合笔者多年从事《高分子物理》课程教学的经验,对该课程的教学内容、教学方法进行了改革,提出在教学过程中应紧抓聚合物结构与性能之间的关系这条主线,突出教学重点,多种教学方法协同实施,强调理论与实践有机结合,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的实践应用能力,以满足社会对高分子材料专业应用型专业人才的需求。
Starting with training goal of local application-oriented, based on the characteristics of Polymer Physics course and the many years ’ teaching experience, the reform of teaching content and technique for this course was explored. The teacher should gripe a main thread, and the main thread was the relationship between the structure and performance of polymer. Outstanding emphasis in teaching, multiple teaching methods were utilized simultaneously, the organic combination of theory and practice was emphasized, students ’ interest in learning was stimulated, and the studentsˊ ability of practical application was improved, to meet the social demand for applied talents for the student majoring in polymer materials.

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针对高分子材料专业传统实验教学中以验证性实验为主,实验课程相互独立等问题,在原有的高分子物理和高分子化学实验基础上尝试高分子材料综合实验教学改革探索,可有效地调动学生的学习积极性,提高学生的综合素质,以满足新的教学改革形势下人才培养的需要。
In view of over theory verifications and independent experimental course in the traditional experiment teaching , comprehensive experiments were explored based on polymer physics and polymer chemistry experiments .These reform measures effectively stimulated student''s learning interest and improved student''s comprehensive quality , in order to meet the needs of talents under the new situation of teaching reform of culture.

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《高分子物理》课程采用传统的理论与实验分开的教学模式,存在＂重理论、轻实验＂的缺点,影响学生创新能力的培养。本文介绍了《高分子物理》理论与实验课程一体化教学模式在我校的初步尝试,文中对一体化教学模式的特点、课程实施条件和途径进行了阐述,初步尝试表明一体化教学可调动学生积极性,加深理论与实践联系,提高教学质量。
The traditional theoretical and experimental separated teaching mode was widely used in Polymer Physics course, which had the shortcoming of ‘attention theory and underrate experiment’ and influenced the student creativity cultivating. The attempt of theoretical and experimental integration teaching mode in polymer physics course was introduced, moreover, the characteristics of integrated teaching model, ways to carry out and the problems were presented.

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针对高分子材料与工程专业学生不熟悉聚合物的系统研究方法问题,提出了将高分子化学实验、高分子物理实验、高分子成型加工实验整合成高分子综合性实验的设计方案。详细介绍了综合性实验的设计思路、教学目的、内容选择及时间安排,并结合"聚苯乙烯静电纺丝"和"不饱和聚酯制备玻璃钢"两个综合性实验的具体案例阐述了实验的实施流程,以聚合物的合成为起点,成型加工为过渡,性能检测为依据,体现聚合物研究的连续性与循环性。
In view of unfamiliarity polymer systemic research methods of the students majored in polymer materials and engineering , the experiments of polymer chemistry , polymer physics experiment and polymer molding experiments were integrated into the design of comprehensive experiment of polymer.The design ideas , teaching objectives , content selection and time arrangement of the comprehensive experiments were introduced.Combined with the two comprehensive experiments of “Electrospinning of polystyrene” and“Glass steel prepared by unsaturated polyester”, the implementation process of the comprehensive experiment were described.The polymer synthesis was taken as a starting point.Molding and processing of polymer was set as a transition.The basis was guided by measurement of polymer performance.The continuity and circulation of polymer research was reflected.

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综述了近年来生物基聚合高分子材料聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)的化学改性、物理改性及生物改性的研究进展,对PHA的发展趋势进行了展望。
Research progresses of the modification methods for bio-based polymeric material polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA) in recent years were summarized,which included the chemical modification,physical modification,biological modification methods. The development of PHA in the future was prospected.

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聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯（ PPC）是一种新型热塑性脂肪族聚碳酸酯，具有良好的生物降解性、高阻隔性和生物相容性等优点，但其热性能和力学性能较差，通过物理和化学方法改性是提高其性能的重要研究方向之一。本文综述了近年来采用淀粉、纤维素和甲壳素等天然高分子对PPC的改性研究，尤其是天然高分子含量和预处理方法等对复合材料性能的影响，并对PPC/天然高分子复合材料的发展作了总结和展望。
Due to its thermoplastic,superior biodegradable,high barrier property and biocom-patibility properties,Poly(propylene carbonate)(PPC)is widely applied in the fields such as plastic ,medicine and so on.Unfortunately,the thermal and mechanical properties of PPC are poor.To resolve these problems ,a method is blended the PPC with natural polymers such as starch ,cellulose and chitin.The paper reviews the new development of the PPC /natural polymers blend ,and some suggestions are described to pre-pare PPC/natural polymers blend with higher mechanical and thermal properties.

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纳米复合水凝胶复杂的微观结构和动力学决定了其宏观性能,阐明其结构和动力学的非均匀性对揭示凝胶相变机理、认识其宏观物理和化学性质和设计新型高分子凝胶都具有重要意义.通过合成不同粘土含量的系列聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAm)/锂藻土纳米复合水凝胶,运用多种先进的低场固体NMR技术详细研究了凝胶微观结构和动力学的非均匀性.首先建立了分析多组分凝胶体系中刚性和柔性高分子组分相对含量的计算方法,然后在不同粘土含量下,通过测量凝胶FID信号和质子T1定量研究了凝胶中刚性和柔性高分子组分的相对含量;通过偶极滤波双量子NMR实验,研究了体系中与交联密度关联的残余偶极作用参数随黏土含量的变化.结果表明:在纳米复合水凝胶中,随着粘土含量的增加,凝胶中聚合物的刚性相增加,而柔性相下降,当粘土含量达到12%(Wclay/Wwater)时体系中的刚性相含量趋于平衡.多量子实验结果表明,随着粘土含量的增加,纳米复合水凝胶中高分子链的残余偶极作用参数逐渐增大,反映了体系中高分子链的受限运动和二维无机纳米片层形成的物理交联密度增大的趋势.
The macroscopic properties of soft matters are largely determined by their composition and the molecular mobility of each component. In this work, we used low field solid-state NMR to study the composition and dynamics of nanocomposite hydrogels with different clay contents. It was found that the content of rigid phase increased, while and the content of soft phase decreased with increasing clay content. A turning point of 12%Wclay/Wwater was found, above which the content of rigid phase tended to be a constant. The dipolar coupling constants were measured with double-quantum (DQ) experiments, and the results showed that the confinement of polymer chains and the crosslink density increased with the clay content.

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