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双语推荐：危险评估量表

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目的了解自制跌倒危险因素评估量表在住院老年患者安全管理中的应用效果。方法采用跌倒危险因素评估量表对338例（干预组）住院老年患者进行跌倒危险因素评估及针对性的防跌倒干预,并与同期应用传统防跌倒措施干预的患者（对照组）进行效果比较。结果干预组应用跌倒危险因素评估表进行评估≥4分者289例,干预期间发生跌倒1例,跌倒发生率为0.3%;对照组评估总分≥4分者305例,跌倒9例,跌倒发生率为3.0%,两组跌倒发生率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.611,P〈0.05）。结论应用自制的跌倒危险因素评估量表在住院老年患者安全管理中的效果较为明显,能减少跌倒的发生,今后可望在老年住院患者中推广使用。
Objective To understand the effects of the self-designed fall risk assessment scale on safe management of hospitalized seniors. Methods A self-designed fall risk assessment scale was applied in intervention group including 338 hospitalized seniors for risk factor evaluation then fall prevention intervention was implemented while conventional fall prevention intervention was applied in control group. Results In the evaluation in intervention group, the score of 289 patients was equal to or higher than four and one patient fell, with an incidence rate of 0.3%while in control group, that of 305 patients was equal to or higher than four and nine cases of fell occurred, with an incidence rate of 3.0%and different incidence rate in two groups indicated statistical significance (X2=4.611, P<0.05). Conclusion It is effective to prevent fall through the evaluation with the self-designed fall risk assessment scale, which is worth to be popularized.

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目的：制定针对手术患者的压疮危险因素评估量表，使手术室压疮护理有科学的评价工具。方法：在文献回顾和专家访谈的基础上，结合临床实践经验，确立备选指标，通过专家会议法自行设计第一轮专家函询问卷，采用德尔菲法对30名专家进行3轮函询。结果：手术患者压疮危险因素评估量表一级指标有患者因素、手术因素、麻醉因素，二级指标分别包括年龄、体质指数（体重/身高2）、受压点皮肤类型、活动能力、神经感觉障碍；手术体位、手术预计时间、术中施加外力、失血量；麻醉方式等。结论：采用手术患者压疮危险因素评估量表对手术患者进行术前评估，依据量表评分采取科学、合理、具有针对性的压疮预防措施，有利于减少围手术期压疮发生率，提高手术患者生活质量。
Objective:To explore a Surgery-related Pressure Sore Risk Assessment Scale (SPSRAS) for surgery patients. Methods:Based on a literature review and experts interview, combined with clinical experiences, an iterative questionnaire was designed to measure consensus among individual experts. Delphi technique had been used to investigate 30 experts in this ifeld for three rounds. Results:The ifrst level indicators in SPSRAS included factors related to patients, operation and anesthesia. Age, BMI, type of pressure skin, activity ability and nerve sensory disturbances were patients'' factors. Surgical position, surgical estimated time, external force by surgeons and blood loss amount were factors related to operation. Anesthesia factor mainly included the types of anesthesia. Conclusion:The application of SPSRAS could enhance pressure sore prevention and improve life quality in surgery patients sore based on appropriate risk assessment and timely intervention accordingly.

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比较我院自行研制的压疮危险评估量表(SPURAS)与Braden评估量表在外科长期卧床住院患者压疮评估中的应用效果。方法:将我院457例外科住院、丧失下肢行动能力患者随机分为A,B两组,A组(228例)采用外科住院患者SPURAS量表进行评估,B组(229例)采用Braden量表评估,根据评估结果分别给予相应的护理措施。结果:A组实际发生压疮7例,发生率为3.10%;B组实际发生压疮17例,发生率为7.42%,两组比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:SPURAS量表预测外科长期卧床住院患者压疮的效果与Braden压疮评估表比较,SPURAS量表更加直观,易于操作,节省时间,提高效率。
Objective:To compare the effect of two different pressure ulcer risk assessment scales in surgical residents in hospitalized patients in the long run. Methods:This research adopted the prospectie cohort study design,457 cases of patients with surgery in hospital for a long time,lost the ability of lower limb action were divided into Braden group (group A,n=229) and SPURAS group (group B,n=228) scale. And the two groups were given appropriate care measures based on the assessment results. Results:Group A of actual pressure sores occurred in 7cases,the incidence was 3. 10%. Groups was 14 cases occured pressure sores,the incidence was 6. 06%. Compared with the Braden scale,SPURAS scale sensitivity,predictive value of the difference has statisti-cal significance (P<0. 05). Conclusion:SPURAS scale prediction of pressure ulcers in patients with surgical residents long-term effect is better than Bra-den scal. SPURAS scale is more intuitive,convenient and effective.

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目的 探讨修订版社区老年人跌倒风险评估工具(FROP-Com)的预测效果和跌倒的危险因素.方法 采用方便抽样方法,对成都市四个社区408例老年人进行关于跌倒情况的问卷调查,其中跌倒风险评估采用修订版FROP-Com.结果 经过修订版FROP-Com量表对408例老年人评估后显示,该量表受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)为0.936,灵敏度为77.6％(66/85)、特异度为93.2％ (301/323)、阳性预测值为75.0％(66/88)、阴性预测值为94.1％(301/320).结论 修订版FROP-Com量表操作简单快捷,具有较高的灵敏度、特异度和评估功能,可作为跌倒评估工具在我国社区使用.
Objective To discuss the efficacy of the modified falling risks for older people-community setting screening tool and the falling risks of the older people.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 communities of Chengdu.A total of 408 people aged 65 years and over from 4 residents communities were selected with convenient sampling.To screen out the people who were in high risk of falls with a self-making questionnaire and the modified falling risks for older people-community setting screening tool.Results After the 408 older people were evaluated by modified falling risks for older people-community screening tool,the result showed the area under curve of receiver operating characteristic of the scale was 0.936.Its sensitivity was 77.6％ (66/85),specificity was 93.2％ (301/323),positive predictive value was 75.0％ (66/88) and negative predictive value was 94.1％ (301/320).Conclusions The using of modified falling risks for older people-community setting screening too

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比较分析Waterlow和Norton两种压疮评估量表在预测骨折患者压疮中的临床效果.方法:选取某院骨科患者186例,由2名临床护士分别用2种量表对患者进行皮肤评估和量表评分,两者分别独立进行,比较分析两种量表对患者压疮的预测效果.结果:患者共发生压疮5例,发生率为2.69％(5/186);Waterlow量表和Norton量表的临界预测值分别为17分和14分;而二者的受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver Operator Curve,ROC)下面积分别为0.647和0.439.结论:Waterlow量表包含了与骨科疾病相关的压疮危险因素,更加适用于预测骨科患者压疮,但仍需要做进一步改进.
Objective:To compare two types of pressure sores Assessment Scale (Waterlow and Norton Scale) in the prediction of pressure sores of orthopedic patients.Methods:186 orthopedic patients were selected,the Waterlow and Norton Scale were used to assess the skin situation by two clinical independent nurses respectively,the predict effects of the two scales were compared.Results:5 cases of orthopedic patients got pressure sores,and the rate was 2.69％ (5/186); The predictive value of Waterlow and Norton were 17 points and 14 points; while their receiver operating characteristic curve (Receiver Operator Curve,ROC) area were 0.562 and 0.478 respectively.Conclusion:Waterlow scale contained pressure sores risk factors associated with orthopedic disorders,and it was more suitable for orthopedic patients,but further improvement was still needed.

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目的：了解福州地区离退休老干部的轻度认知功能障碍的流行状况及危险因素。方法采用整群随机抽样与分层抽样相结合的方法，选取福州地区14所干休所离退休老干部作为调查对象，采用中文版简易智能状态检查量表（MMSE）、日常生活能力量表（ADL），画钟试验，蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）等量表对老年患者的认知功能进行评估。结果共调查471例老年患者，其中男性459例，女性12例，M C I者53例，占11.25％，轻度认知功能障碍在年龄、文化程度、日常活动能力、吸烟饮酒史分组上存在统计学差异，在婚姻状况、性别和居住方式分组中未存在统计学差异。结论福州地区离退休老干部M C I的患病率为11.25％，高龄是轻度认知功能障碍的独立危险因素，而文化程度是认知功能障碍的保护因素。
Objective To study the prevalence of MCI and its influencing factors in elderly Veterans in Fuzhou areas .Methods Five hundreds elderly Veterans were sampled in stratified cluster sampling and the Center for Epidemiology Scale MMSE 、ADL and MoCA and scales correlated were used to assess the prevalence rate of MCI .Results 53 cases of MCI patients were found which accounted for 11.25%of the 471 senior retired cadres .High MCI mobility may be associated with the advanced age ,low education level ,smoking and drinking and activity of daily living .Conclusions The prevalence rate of MCI was relatively high in elderly Veterans in Fuzhou areas and was influenced by multiple factors .We should pay more attention to the mental health of elderly Veterans .

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目的 探索存在危险行为青少年群体的分组及其组别特征,为完善干预方案提供依据.方法 利用“我国青少年危险行为的评估、预警与干预示范研究”Ⅲ级干预入组青少年干预前的评估数据,结合两步聚类和快速聚类两种聚类分析方法,对根据危险行为已划分为四组的249名入组青少年进行重新分组,比较新的组间差异.结果 两种聚类分析结果的Kappa一致性检验值为0.861（P＜0.001）,聚类结果稳定.快速聚类分析显示入组青少年分为冲动外显组,自杀高危组,饮食/活动问题组.包括四种危险行为维度均分、中学生心理健康量表总均分、流调中心用抑郁量表总分和焦虑自评量表总分在内的参与聚类的7个变量在三组间差异均有统计学意义,F值为13.874～ 125.753 （P＜ 0.001）.三组性别构成的差异有统计学意义,x2值为59.059（P＜0.001）,冲动外显组男女比例大于其他两组.结论 对于存在危险行为的青少年群体,聚类分析能较好地将其分组,据此制订的干预方案可能更佳.
Objective To explore the grouping of youth with health risk behaviors and the characteristics of each group,and to provide the basis for improving intervention programs.Methods This study used data from "Demonstration Research on Assessment,Warning and Intervention of Youth Risk Behaviors in China",with 249 adolescents being enrolled in the tertiary intervention part of this research.Two step cluster analysis and quick cluster analysis were used together to regroup these enrolled adolescents who had been grouped into four groups.The differences among new groups were examined.Results Kappa consistency test showed high consistency between two solutions of cluster analysis (Kappa=0.861,P＜0.001),which certified the stability of clustering result.The enrolled adolescents were clustered into three groups:impulsive explicit group,high-risk suicide group and diet/sport problem group.The differences were significant among three groups in 7 variables for clustering,including the dimen

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目的探讨脑梗死后认知功能障碍与血尿酸的关系。方法选择110例脑梗死患者,根据认知功能差异分为:A组(63例),存在认知功能障碍;B组(47例),认知功能正常。应用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)及简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)评估两组患者的认知功能并进行比较,同时检测两组血尿酸的水平并进行比较。应用多元Logistic回归分析,评估脑梗死患者认知功能相关的危险因素以及血清尿酸水平与各种认知功能障碍的关系。结果与B组相比,A组患者的认知功能评分(MSSE评分及MOCA评分)均显著较低,而血尿酸水平明显高(P0.05)。应用多元Logistic回归分析显示,女性及血清尿酸水平是脑梗死认知功能障碍的独立危险因素,且血尿酸水平是记忆和语言功能的独立危险因素。结论脑梗死后认知功能水平与血尿酸水平呈负相关,且高尿酸血症对脑梗死后认知障碍尤其是在短时记忆和语言上有明显影响。
Objective To investigate the relation between cognitive impairment and serum uric acid in patients with cerebral infarc -tion (CI).Methods A total of 110 patients with CI were chosen and divided into two groups ,namely Group A (63 cases,cognitive impair-ment) and Group B (47 cases,normal cognitive function),according to cognitive function variation .The cognitive functions were measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE),and were compared between two groups.The serum level of uric acid was detected and compared between two groups .The risk factor of clinical factors to cognitive function in patients with CI was assessed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis .And the correlation of the serum level of uric acid and all kinds of cognitive impairment was also assessed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis .Results Compared to group B ,the scores of MoCA and MMSE in group A were lower (P<0.05),but the serum level of uric acid in gr

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初步研制老年住院患者安全危险因素评估量表。方法:在文献研究、问卷调查的基础上拟定量表条目池,通过两轮专家函询对条目进行评定形成预测量表,选取217名老年住院患者进行调查,筛选预测量表条目并检验其信度、效度,进一步完善量表。结果:该量表由5个维度、27个条目构成。各维度内部一致性Cronbach’sα系数为0.677~0.805,量表总体Cronbach’sα系数为0.799,重测信度Pearson相关系数为0.857~0.933,量表总体重测信度系数为0.938。各维度的内容效度为0.78~0.95,量表总体内容效度为0.90。结论:该量表具有良好的信度与效度,为正式量表的形成奠定了基础。
Objective:To develop a risk assessment scale for elderly hospitalized patient''s safety. Methods:On the basis of literature review, questionnaire survey, and two rounds of Delphi Consultation, we developed a risk assessment indicator system for elderly hospitalized patients'' safety, and then formed a primary version of Security Risk Assessment Scale for Elderly Inpatients. 217 elderly inpatients were investigated by this primary scale in order to select its items and test its reliability and validity. Results:The scale contained 5 dimensions and 27 items. The Cronbach''sαwere 0.677~0.805, and the test-retestliabilities were 0.857~0.933. Conclusions:The scale has acceptable reliability and validity, and provides a foundation for the formation of the ifnal scale.

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目的 对我院老年脑血管患者在临床上的跌倒效能和相应的影响因素进行研究.方法 回顾我院自2010年6月至2012年6月间我院收治的167例老年脑血管患者病例.以跌倒效能量表（MFES）、跌倒危险评估量表（MFS）、平衡功能量表（BBS）和步态评估量表（TGA）进行调查研究.结果 老年脑血管患者的跌倒效能分值为（7.91±2.38）分.其中,患者的“上下楼梯”以及“坐车”的得分最低; “近距离拿东西”以及“从座位上起落”的得分最高.患者的右上肢肌力、Berg平衡功能以及步态等对其跌倒效能的影响最大.结论 在老年脑血管患者的护理过程中,应对其平衡和步态进行改善,并进行健康心理辅导,能显著的降低患者的临床跌倒.
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