昭宗通过整治科场不公,希望选拔儒学忠贞之士为其所用,但其整治行动不过是治标不治本的临时之举,难免人亡政息。较之于父、兄(懿、僖二帝),昭宗个人品格强之数倍,其行实对于韩偓等人的创作起了正面积极的影响,其他文坛创作,即使有细枝末节上的批评也是出自于爱深恨切的忠心。昭宗《菩萨蛮》诸词,深受唐末文坛词作兴盛风尚影响,并首将家国兴亡之感写入,下启李煜,文学史意义不容低估。遇弑后,限于恐怖时代氛围,文坛未能形成口诛笔伐的讨逆行动,但忠义之士,如韦庄、罗隐、韩偓等人,仍发出了正义的呐喊。昭宗与唐末文坛的互动与关联,显示出其人格品行的正面影响价值。

Zhao Zong through regulation since the injustice, hope selection Confucianism of loyalty and chastity for its use, but the campaign is only temporary stopgap, is that.Compared with father and brother Yi, Xi two times of emperor, Zhao Zong character strong, the real for the creation of Han Wo, played a positive impact, other literary creation even with all the minor details of criticis-malso from a love hate cutting deep loyalty.Zhao Zong Pusa of theword, by the end of the Tang Dynasty literary words for the pros-perity ofthe country and the first fashion, a sense of the rise and fall into, and Li Yu, the significance of literary history should not be underestimated.In case of murder, limited to terrorist atmosphere of the times, literaturehas not formed for inverse action condemn both in speech and in writing, but loyalty such as Weizhuang, Luo Yin, Han Wo et al., still gave out just loud cry.Interaction and correlation of Zhao Zong and late Tang Dynasty literature, indicate the positi

唐末季世中的西蜀文人群体，深受传统儒家思想的浸染与熏陶，他们具有强烈的“复古情结”和“崇雅心态”。这些文人士子出于补救时弊和端正文风的良好初衷，自觉秉承了传统儒家“温柔敦厚”、“中正和平”的诗教观，他们在诗文创作上出没二雅、独标高格，提出了“清丽”、“雅正”的诗文创作主张，其文学思想和审美意趣与当时文坛上“斥浮崇雅”的思想潮流同鸣共奏，与昭宗一朝推尊盛唐梦寐中兴的美好期望应节合拍，在唐末众芳竞艳的文学思潮百花园中芬芳四溢、自成一格。

The scholars in Sichuan area in the late Tang dynasty were deeply affected by the traditional Confucian thoughts. Sothey advocated a kind of literary trend of upholding elegance in their inner world by returning to the classics. They consciously inherited gentle integrity and harmony idea of the traditional Confucian thought, with good intention of correcting bad authoring habits in the field of poetry. The scholars in Sichuan area advocated and insisted on their creative concept in pursuit of fresh and elegant aesthetic idea in their writing. The writing group’s aesthetic taste and creative concept not only reflected people''s aspirations of boycotting glitz on the creative culture but also revealed the inner thoughts of Emperor Zhaozong in pursuit of a way to achieve national prosperity. So, the scholars’ aesthetic taste and creative concept has a distinct style and characteristics in the literary world in late Tang Dynasty.

三山五园是清代皇家园林最杰出的代表,五园之中都有藏传佛教寺院,如:清漪园(颐和园)中的四大部洲藏式佛教寺院;香山静宜园中的"宗镜大召"(昭庙);玉泉山静明园中的妙高寺;畅春园中的恩佑寺和恩慕寺;还有圆明园中的新正觉寺都是藏传佛教寺院。这些寺院虽然始建时间不同,建筑风格各异,但寺院的功能体现了两点:一是从国家利益出发,利用宗教的认同,以教约心,顺其情志,充分发挥积极作用,有利于国家稳定、民族团结。二是满足皇家贵族和上层官员信仰的需要,体现了满族藏传佛教的特点。

“Three Hills and Five Gardens”is the most outstanding representatives of the imperial gardens in Qing Dynasty. There are also Tibetan Buddhism monasteries built in the Five Gardens,such as “FOUR CONTINENTS”of the Tibetan Buddhism Monastery in the Summer Palace;Zongjindazhao Monastery in Jiyiyuan of the Fragrant Hill;Miaogao Monastery in Jingmingyuan of the Jade Spring Hill;Enyou Monastery and Enmu Monastery in Changchunyuan and Xinzhengjue Monastery in Yuanming Yuan. Although these monasteries were built in different times and in different architectural styles,they performed the two functions in common . One is perspective of the interests of the state in order to benefit the national stability and national unity monasteries were made to play a positive role in availing people of the religious identity so that they could constrain themselves and shaped up . The other is that they were made to meet the belief needs of royal nobles and officials and at the same time it refl