为了研究肿柄菊(Tithonia diversifolia)和胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)的开发利用问题,用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取了2种植物精油,并用气质联用(GC-MS)技术进行定性和定量分析。结果表明:从2种入侵植物精油中共鉴定出66种化合物,2种植物精油中都能检测到3-己烯-1-醇、α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、α-松油烯、柠檬烯、异松油烯、α-胡椒烯、β-波旁烯、β-石竹烯、7-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基-2H-1-苯并吡喃、大香叶烯D、荜澄茄油烯醇、榄香醇、橙花叔醇、大香叶烯D-4-醇、石竹烯氧化物、库贝醇和Tau-杜松醇。2种入侵植物精油中分离出的多种成分在医药领域均有很高的价值。

To study the development and utilization of Tithonia diversifolia and Ageratum conyzoides, constituents of essential oils extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) from these 2 plants were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that 66 compounds were identified. The common components were 3-Hexen-1-ol, α-Pinene, Camphene, β-Pinene, α-Terpinene, Limonene, Terpinolene, α-Copaene, β-Bourbonene, β-Caryophyllene, Precocene I, Germacrene-D, Cubenol, Elemol, Nerolidol, Germacrene D-4-ol, Caryophyllene oxide, Cubenol and Tau Cadinol. Many constituents of essential oils from these 2 invasive plants could have a high value when used as medicines.

还原氧化石墨烯已被广泛用于制备基于石墨烯的材料。目前，还原处理方法均是尽可能地将氧化石墨烯中的功能团去除，恢复石墨烯的电子结构。由于氧化石墨烯中氧基功能团（如羟基、羧基及环氧基）不同的反应活性，氧化石墨烯是可能通过分步的方法进行还原。利用醇溶剂如乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇还原氧化石墨烯，并采用不同分析手段对样品进行表征。结果发现，在一定条件下这些醇可选择性地还原氧化石墨烯。经这些醇的处理后，氧化石墨烯中环氧功能团被大部分去除，而其他的功能团如羟基和羧基仍被保留。这种选择性去除氧化石墨烯表面功能团的方法可利于有效地控制氧化石墨烯的还原程度、获得具有特定功能团的石墨烯衍生物，从而扩大这类材料的使用范围。

The reduction of graphene oxide has been widely used to control the properties of graphene-based materials. Traditional methods thoroughly remove oxygenated functional groups in graphene oxides. We show that ethanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol can se-lectively reduce epoxy groups in graphene oxide while hydroxyl and carboxyl groups remain unchanged. Hydrazine hydrate can reduce ox-ygen functional groups except carboxyl groups. These selective removals can be used to control the reduction degree of graphene oxides and their properties. The electrical conductivity of the reduced graphene oxides with different types of oxygen functional groups varied sig-nificantly and increased with the degree of reduction.

利用正反相硅胶、凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)等多种柱色谱法,对光叶兔儿风化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果表明:已分离得到17个化合物,分别鉴定为蒲公英甾醇乙酸酯(1),三十二碳烯(2),β-谷甾醇(3),大黄酚(4),扇醇棕榈酸酯(5),亚麻酸甲酯(6),亚油酸(7),植物醇(8),[24S]-豆甾-4烯-3-酮(9),植物烯醛(10),白桦脂酸(11),13-羰基-十八碳二烯酸(12),E-7,9-11-羰基-棕榈酸(13),蒲公英酸(14),3β-羟基-胆甾-5-烯(15),环氧树脂烯(16),28-O-月桂酸酯白桦醇(17)。化合物1～17均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

To investigate the chemical constituents of Ainsliaea glabra ,several chromatographies including Silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography were applied to the isolation and purifica-tion of chemical constituents.The structures were identified on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral data.The results showed that seventeen compounds were isolated from A .glabra and they were identified as taraxasteryl ace-tate(1),dotriacont-1-ene(2),β-sitosterol(3),chrysophanol(4),lupenyl palmitate(5),methyl linolenate(6),linoleic acid(7),phytol(8),stigmast-4-en-3-one(9),phytenal(10),betulinic acid(11),(9Z,11E)-13-oxo-9,11-ocatadecadieno-ic acid(12),E-7,9-diene-11-methenyl palmitic acid(13),taraxinic acid(14),3β-hydroxy-cholesta-5-ene(15),epoxyly-copaene(16),28-O-laurylbetulin(17).Compounds 1-17 were obtained from this herb for the first time.

目的：建立小麦和玉米中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇与雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的免疫亲和净化-高效液相色谱检测方法。方法样品经纯水提取后，用免疫亲和柱净化，经甲醇洗脱，在C18色谱柱上等度洗脱分离，采用紫外检测器检测。结果标准曲线在0.1~2.0 mg/kg范围内线性良好。小麦基质中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的回收率为72.8%~110.1%，精密度为3.6%~10.8%，实验室内HorRat值为0.24~0.48；玉米中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的回收率为72.2%~90.6%，精密度为1.2%~5.2%，实验室内HorRat值为0.07~0.31。小麦基质中雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的回收率为58.9%~100.4%，精密度为3.6%~11.3%，实验室内HorRat值为0.23~0.63；玉米中雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的回收率为56.9%~91.9%，精密度为2.5%~7.8%，实验室内HorRat值为0.11~0.43。结论该方法具有灵敏度高、重现性好、操作简便、准确可靠等特点，适用于小麦和玉米中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇与雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的测定。

Objective To establish a method for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in wheat and corn by using immunoaffinity column cleanup and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MethodsThe sample was extracted with water, then passed through the immunoaffinity column containing antibodies specific for DON and NIV. The DON and NIV were sequentially eluted by 0.5 mL methanol and 1.5 mL acetonitrile, and then were separated on C18 column. The DON and NIV were detected by HPLC/UV.ResultsThe linear ranges of aflatoxin were 0.1~2.0 mg/kg, and the recoveries of DON at 0.1~2.0 mg/kg spiked levels were from 72.8 % to 110.1 % for wheat matrix and from 72.2% to 90.6 % for corn matrix respectively. Recoveries of NIV at 0.1~2.0 mg/kg spiked levels were from 58.9 % to 100.4 % for wheat matrix and from 56.9% to 91.9% for corn matrix respectively. The RSDr of DON at 0.1~2.0 mg/kg spiked levels ranged from 3.6% to 10.8% for wheat matrix and from 1.2% to 5.2% for co

以SDE法提取小黄菊鲜花和制成品的香精油,用GC-MS进行定性定量分析,发现:(1)从鲜花和制成品中分别检出76和88种化合物,主要成分是单萜、倍半萜及含氧衍生物;(2)鲜花和制成品中共有成分62种,其中含量较高的有桉叶醇、樟脑、马鞭草烯醇乙酸酯、六甲基苯等;(3)在鲜花中的含量至少十倍于制成品的组分有莰烯、β-水芹烯、α-水芹烯、(E)-罗勒烯、(Z)-罗勒烯、二环[2.2.2]辛-5-烯-2-酮、别罗勒烯、D-马鞭草烯酮、藏花醛、六甲基苯;(4)鲜花精油中有14种组分是制成品精油中没有的,有α-宁烯醛、α-小茴香烯、古巴烯等;(5)制成品精油中的含量远高于鲜花中含量的组分有6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、α-姜烯、β-倍半水芹烯、α-柠檬醛、棕榈酸、α-姜黄烯、反-柠檬烯氧化物、α-没药醇等;(6)制成品中特有组分有26种,有麝香草酚、苯乙醛、α-萜品醇、γ-毕澄茄烯等。研究结果揭示了小黄菊香气特征,可供栽培、加工和品审时参考。

The essential oils of fresh flowers and manufactured goods of Chrysanthemum cultivar Dendrathema grandiflorum‘Xiao Huang''Ju were extracted by the simultaneous distillation extraction method , then detected by gas chromatography coupled of mass spectrum .The results were as follows:(1) Seventy-six and eighty-eight components were respectively identified from the fresh flowers and manufactured goods of ‘Xiao Huang''Ju, with monterpenes , sesquiterpenes and their oxygenous derivatives being the major chemical components ;(2) Sixty-two mutual chemical components were identified , with eucalyptol , camphor , verbenol acetate , hexamethyl-benzene and so on at high content level.(3) The compounds in essential oils of the fresh flowers which were at least ten times greater than those in essential oils of manufactured goods were camphene ,β-phellandrene,α-phellandrene, (E)-ocimene, (Z)-ocimene, bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-one, allo-ocimene, D-verbenone, safranal, hexamethyl-benzene;