北约从阿富汗撤军和撤军后阿富汗的局势都影响着中亚地区的安全，但它们对中亚各个国家的影响在程度和具体内容上明显不同。面对北约从阿富汗撤军的影响，中亚国家难以通过向阿富汗政府提供有效的军事和政治支持来防范威胁进入，只能更多地向俄罗斯或美国寻求安全保障。与此同时，中亚国家不同的安全战略选择也使北约从阿富汗撤军的影响有所扩大。

NATO army withdrawal from Afghanistan and the Afghanistan situation after the withdrawal will influence Central Asian security, but the influence varies in degree and concrete issues in different countries in this area. Facing the influences, Central Asian countries can only turn to Russia or USA for security guarantee instead of providing effective military and political support to Afghanistan to keep away threats. Meanwhile, their choices of different security strategies help enlarge the influence of NATO army withdrawal from Afghanistan.

2001年美国主导的阿富汗战争取得阶段性胜利之后,阿富汗的重建工作就被提到了议事日程之上。作为北约成员国,土耳其凭借与阿富汗传统的亲密关系、相同的宗教信仰以及同时拥有阿富汗和巴基斯坦的好感等优势,积极参与阿国重建并发挥了有效作用。当然,在这一过程中土耳其也面临着自身经济实力限制、国内安全隐患牵制以及其它地区强国挑战等困难,但是未来积极参与阿富汗重建进程的态度和政策不会发生大的改变。

In 2001 when the American-led Afghanistan War gained a phase victory, Afghanistan’s recon-struction was listed on the agenda. A member of NATO, Turkey took an active, e?cient part in the process by virtue of its traditional close relations with Afghanistan, the same religious belief and the favorable im-pression on Afghanistan and Pakistan. Meanwhile, Turkey also encountered di?culties and challenges -limitation of its own economic power, containment of its domestic security hidden troubles and challenges of great powers in other regions, but it is sure that Turkey’s attitude and policy will not change greatly in its active participation in Afghanistan’s reconstruction process.

随着我国综合国力的提升,中国企业境外矿产投资规模不断扩大。阿富汗作为我国邻国,其矿产资源开发潜力巨大,绝大部分处于未开发状态。长期的动荡局势制约了阿国矿业的发展,为吸引外国投资,阿富汗致力改善本国投资环境。从事阿矿业投资存在安全形势严峻、法律不健全、人才短缺、基础设施落后等风险因素,安全风险尤为突出。投资者需谨慎决策、制定应急方案、尊重当地传统、密切与政府关系、合法经营并热心公益事业,有助于规避风险。

With the upgrading of China''s comprehensive national strength ,the scale of investment of Chinese enterprises overseas mineral expanding .Afghanistan is our neighbor ,the development of mineral resources has great potential ,most of the undeveloped state .The long-term unrest restricted the development of the Argentine Mining ,Afghanistan is committed to improve its investment environment to attract foreign investment .Engaged in mining investment in Afghanistan security situation is grim ,the law is not perfect ,talent shortage ,poor infrastructure and other risk factors ,especially security risk .Investors need to be cautious decision-making ,development of contingency plans ,respectful of local traditions and close relations with the government ,legitimate business and public-spirited undertakings ,helps to avoid risks .

《追风筝的人》是由阿富汗流散文学作家卡勒德·胡赛尼创作的一篇长篇小说，故事是关于男孩阿米尔儿时背叛伙伴，而后对自己的行为感到愧疚和自责，之后在成长的过程中不断地醒悟与自我救赎。风筝这一意象在文章中前后呼应，对小说结构起到了收束的功能；这一象征手法的运用对人物形象的塑造，空间叙事维度，作者从边缘作家融入了美国主流社会而得到身份认同的成绩，在阿富汗和美国的双重语境下得到认可，适应了当代小说家在全球化语境下写作的客观要求都起到了积极的促进作用。

Khaled Hosseini,born in Afghanistan, is the author of The Kite Runner. It tells the story of the main character Amir, who suffered from the difficulties and sufferings to get relieved from his sins through his life . The kite has a symbolic significance for understanding the human''s growth in this literary work, working as a consistent image and binging a close to the novel.The application of this symbolism work actively in shaping the character images,molding the spatial narrative dimension, helping the author integrating into the main stream, making the works being recognized in the double context,and adapting to the context of globalization.

美陆军前沿外科手术队(FST)最初于海湾战争中使用,并在伊拉克和阿富汗战场首次大规模使用。前沿外科手术队是卫生旅的重要组成部分,主要职责是支援Ⅱ级救治阶梯。该文概括梳理了前沿外科手术队的发展历史,分析了美军前沿外科手术队的职能和组成及培训情况,并提出了对我军卫勤力量建设的几点启示。

The U.S.Armed Forces Forward Surgical Team ( FST) was first used in the Gulf War , while Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom represented the largest military operations to date in which the FST has been utilized.The FST was an integral and major component of the Medical Brigade and provided support for echelon Ⅱmedical care.This paper describes the development of FST , investigates the roles, organization and training of FST and finally brings forward some enlightenment for health service development of Chinese PLA .