为了筛选适于黄瓜耐低温的最佳丛枝菌根(AM)真菌和PGPR组合菌剂,研究了不同AM真菌、PGPR组合菌剂对低温胁迫下黄瓜生长及防御酶活性的影响。结果表明低温胁迫下,单接种AM真菌或是单接种PGPR的处理,其黄瓜生长量及SOD、POD和CAT活性均高于不接种对照,而MDA含量则显著低于不接种对照。AM真菌接种处理中以接种地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)处理的黄瓜生长量较大、防御酶活性较高、细胞膜受伤害较小;PGPR接种处理中以接种多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)的处理黄瓜生长量较大、防御酶活性较高、细胞膜伤害较小。AM真菌和PGPR双接种处理中,以地表球囊霉+多粘类芽孢杆菌处理生长量最大、防御酶活性最高、细胞膜伤害最轻。可以考虑在今后温室黄瓜种植中添加该组合菌剂促进黄瓜生长,提高植株耐冷性。

In order to select the best combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)for cucumber(Cucumis sativus)to resist low-temperature damages,we studied the effects of different combinations on growth and defense enzymes in greenhouse under low temperature stress conditions. The results showed that the growth of cucumber and SOD,POD,CAT activities were higher than that of the non-vaccinated control,while MDA content was significantly lower than that of the controls, when inoculation with AM fungi or PGPR under low temperature treatments. Between the AM fungi inoculation treatments,Glomus versiforme had better positive effect on growth,defensive enzyme activities,and decreased the cell membrane damage. Between the PGPR inoculation treatments,Paenibacillus polymyxa had better growth and higher defensive enzyme activities,with less cell membrane damage. Among the inoculation treatments with AM fungi and PGPR ,inoculation treatment with both Glomus

从蓝莓根际土壤中筛选出4种植物根际促生细菌(PGPR)L12、L13、L14和L15。通过蓝莓盆栽试验,研究了这4株PGPR对蓝莓根际土壤养分与微生物数量的影响。结果表明,在蓝莓的一个生长周期内,L13和L14能够显著增加蓝莓根际土壤中的可培养微生物数量,而接种L12和L15降低了蓝莓根际土壤中可培养微生物的数量;接种4株PGPR均能增加土壤有机质含量。L13对土壤速效养分具有明显的促进作用,增加幅度为5.05%~22.27%;菌株L15、L14、L13对土壤酶活性的影响较大。综合以上分析,L13能够明显改善蓝莓根际土壤的养分状况和提高根际土壤微生物数量,具有良好的应用潜力。

Four plant growth -promoting rhizobacteria ( PGPR) named L12, L13, L14 and L15 were screened from blueberry rhizospheric soil .Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different PGPR inoculation on soil nutrient and microbial quantity in blueberry rhizosphere .The results showed that , during one growth cycle , the inoculation of L13 and L14 could significantly increase the culturable microorgan-ism population in blueberry rhizosphere , whereas the population was significantly decreased by L 15 and L12 inoculation .All of the 4 PGPR could increase the soil organic matter content .L13 had significant effects on soil available nutrient , and the increasing range was 5.05%~22.27%.L15, L14 and L13 had greater effects on soil enzyme activity .Above all , L13 could improve the soil nutrient and microbial quantity in blueberry rhi-zosphere , and had broad application prospects .

对前期从植物根际分离的促生菌(PGPR)进一步测定,筛选出5株优良溶磷菌株和1株根瘤菌株,并利用其制成PGPR微生物肥,研究其替代20%~30%化肥对豌豆生长及产量的影响。结果表明:菌株LM4-3、LH12-3、Lx191、Jm92、LHS11与GDB27互不产生拮抗,可制成PGPR微生物肥,研制的PGPR微生物肥替代20%化肥可使豌豆株高增加6.3%,经济产量提高3.2%,减少可购买性投入220.00~358.00元/hm2。

The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)biofertilizer made from 5 phosphorous solving strains and 1 rhizobia was used to test the effect on pea growth through replacing 20% to 30% of chemical fer-tilizer under field condition.The results showed that 5 phosphorous solving strains (LM4-3,LH12-3,Lx1 91, Jm92,LHS1 1 and GDB27)did not show antagonistic effect each other and could be used for biofertilizer.The biofertilizer could replace 80% of chemical fertilizer and the height and seed yield of pea were increased by 6.3%and 3.2%,and the cost was reduced by 220 to 358 yuan/ha.

通过对前期分离自玉米根际优良促生菌(PGPR)菌株生长速度、固氮酶活性、溶磷量及分泌IAA能力的测定,筛选获得7株优良PGPR菌株,将其制成玉米专用菌肥,于2013年进行田间试验,测定菌肥配施化肥对玉米叶面积与干物质积累的影响。结果表明,研制的玉米专用菌肥符合《微生物肥料》NY227-94标准。菌肥配施化肥减量15%~30%,在开花期前对玉米单株叶面积影响表现为全量化肥(A)85%化肥+菌肥处理(B)70%化肥+菌肥(C)100%菌肥(D)不施肥(E);开花期后表现为:BACDE。对干物质积累量影响在开花期前表现为:ABCDE,开花期后表现为:BACDE。在玉米整个生育期菌肥配施减量化肥对玉米叶面积和干物质积累的影响变化是一致的。成熟期经济产量表现为:处理B显著高于其他处理(P0.05),比全量化肥显著提高2.7%;干草产量处理A、B、C间差异不显著,表现为:BAC,处理B比全量化肥干草产量提高2.1%;经济产量及干草产量处理C与A相比均有所下降,但差异不显著。

Based on the test of phosphate dissolving,nitrogenase activity,3-indoleacetic acid (IAA)secreting and growth rate,seven plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)strains were selected and the maize spe-cialized biofertilizer was produced by mixing these strains.Field experiment was aimed to develop biofertilizer and replacing 15% to 30% of chemical fertilizer for maize in 2013,and measure its effect on leaf area of maize compared with chemical fertilizer.The result showed that the quality of the maize specialized biofertilizer com-plied with The Standard of Microbiological Fertilizer of China (NY227-94).The treatments of combination of biofertilizer and replacing 15% to 30% of chemical fertilizer,the leaf area of maize showed that the rank of leaf area was the normal fertilizer (A)> bio-bacterial fertilizer + 85% fertilizer(B)> bio-bacterial fertilizer +70%fertilizer(C)> normal bio-bacterial fertilizer (D)> no fertilizer(E)before anthesis stage of maize,the rank of leaf area was B > A

介绍了植物根际促生菌的含义及分类；综述其作用机制方面的研究成果，主要包括促生作用机制和生防作用机制；列举了近年来植物根际促生菌优良菌株，特别是假单胞菌及芽孢杆菌的利用；最后探讨了该研究领域存在的问题，应进一步深入研究其筛选方法、保存方法和作用机理等，进而使其尽快商业化，真正投入到生产应用中。

The paper first introduces the definition and classification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), then reviews the research achievements on the mechanism of action of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, including growth pro-moting mechanism and bio-control mechanism, subsequently lists the use of excel-lent plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strains in recent years, especial y Pseu-domonas and Bacil us strains, and final y discusses problems existing in this area and points out issues requiring further exploration, including PGPR screening meth-ods, preservation methods, mechanism of action, in order to commercialize PGPR as soon as possible and practical y realize its application to production.