在公元1世纪的罗马哲学流派中,斯多葛主义、犬儒学派是元首制的反对力量。在罗马统治集团内部,斯多葛主义也很有影响。随着元首的打击和统治政策的调整,哲学家对元首制的立场逐渐发生改变。在安敦尼王朝时期,元首实行较为温和的统治,斯多葛主义哲学家与犬儒们逐渐接受了元首制,成为元首制的拥护者。

In the philosophy schools in the first Century A .D, Stoicism and cynics became the oppose power of Principate .In the interior hierarchy , Stoicism was enormous implications .In the Flavian Dynasty , the philoso-phers’ standpoint to Principate had changed .In Antonius Dynasty, Stoicism and cynics had accepted the Princi-pate and become the advocate because princes carried out the soft rule .

古希腊犬儒学派与我国魏晋风度均诞生于社会的转型时期。两者在不同的历史背景下，皆表现出蔑视世俗礼法、轻视物质利益、鄙视现实社会等特点。由于两国的文化传统与具体环境迥异，他们在追求人格独立、精神自由，以及返于自然等各方面也不尽相同。新形势下，对犬儒主义和魏晋风度加以比较研究，对于我们构建和谐社会和建构理想人格具有重要的启示意义。

Cynics of ancient Greek and Wei -Jin demeanor of China were born in the social transformation pe-riod.Under the different historical background , both showed contempt for the secular manners , despised material benefits, and looked down upon the social reality , etc.They vigorously pursue personality independent and spirit freedom and aspire to return to nature in different ways because of the different cultural traditions and specific envi -ronment of the two countries .In the new situation , comparative study of cynicism and Wei -Jin demeanor has sig-nificant enlightenment for the construction of a harmonious society and development of the ideal personality .