“见系声母腭化现象”指中古见系字在今普通话中未腭化读[k]组拼洪音的,在现代汉语方言中腭化读[t礰]组拼细音或[t礏]组的现象.现代汉语方言中,徽语的腭化现象保存比较完整,湘语吴语赣语次之,客家话晋语官话极少.腭化音在上述方言中属于白读层,由曾经存在过的[k]组拼细音演变而来.

@@@@The phenomenon of the initials′palatalization of the ancient Jian (见系) refers to the fact that the ancient Jian which was not palatalized and pronounced as [k] group with thebroad vowels in modern Putonghua ,is palatalized ,pronounced as [t￠] group or [t∫] group ,with the front -open vowels in the modern Chinese dialects .In the modern Chinese dialects ,the initials′palatalization of Hui Dialect remains relatively complete ,with that of Xiang Dialect ,Wu Dialect ,and Gan Dialect being secondary ,and that of the Hakka Dialect ,Jin Group and Mandarin is very rare .The palatalized phonemes mentioned in the previous dialects belong to the colloquial layer which were evolved from [k] group with the front -openVowels .

安康是一个多方言区，不仅存在中原官话、西南官话、江淮官话，而且还存在湘语和赣语，因此方言混合现象十分明显，而其中又以词汇融合最为普遍。其融合方式主要为：一是障碍性词语近于消失；二是强势方言词汇相互渗透；三是替代原有方言词；四是部分移民词语随环境和生产、生活方式的变化而消失；五是词形更新、词义叠加和减少。

Ankang is an area of multi dialects,including Zhongyuan Mandarin,Southwest Mandarin,Jianghuai Mandarin,Xiang di-alect and Gan dialect mixed together,so the phenomenon is very obvious,among which the most common vocabulary fusion. The fusion method mainly:the first is the obstacle of words almost disappeared;the second is a strong dialect vocabulary of mutual penetration;the third is to replace the original dialect words;the fourth is the change of part of the immigrants words with the environment and the produc-tion,lifestyle and disappeared;fifth is the form,meaning and reduce the superposition of renewal.

安康是一个山区地带,自清以来境内随移民而来的中原官话、江淮官话以及湘语、赣语等方言虽经数百年之久却依然还保持着原方言的基本特征。但随着新时期的到来,发达的交通、迅猛的城市化建设、长年的打工浪潮以及无所不在的媒体宣传和普通话的强力影响,都将促使安康方言再一次迎来新的变化时期。本文对安康方言可能出现的变化趋向及结果进行了初步的探讨与分析。

Ankang is mountainous. Since Qing Dynasty,the accents,such as Zhongyuan Mandarin,Jianghuai Mandarin and Xiang di-alect,Gan dialect and other dialects accompanied with the immigrate years ago,having been maintained the basic features of the origi-nals. When coming with the new era,the modern elements as media,Mandarin,rapid traffic,city expansion,the migrations of work-ers are bound to bring Ankang Dialect into a new period of change. So,the possible changes of Ankang dialect and the trend of the results are discussed.

赣语上高话中的“畀”语法功能多样，有动词、介词用法；“畀”可用于使役句、处置句和被动句中。“畀”的本义为“给予”，后引申为“容许”义和“使让”义动词。“畀”由“容许”义动词语法化为表“被动”义的介词，构成被动式；“畀”由“使让”义的动词语法化为表“处置”义的介词，构成处置式。

The word “Bai (畀)” in the dialect of Shanggao , Jiangxi Province , has various grammatical func-tions.Its could be used as a verb or a preposition , in Construction of Causative Sentence , Disposal Sentence or Passive Sentence.“bai (畀)” originally meant “give”, later was derived to the meaning of “allow” and“make”.With the meaning “allow” “bai (畀)” is grammaticalized into a preposition expressed in a passive construction , while “make” gives “bai (畀)” a disposal construction.

广州话溪母字有[h]、[f]、[k‘]、[j]、[w]等多种读音形式。目前关于溪母字音变的解释均将[k‘]作为最早形式,[h]、[f]、[j]、[w]作为[k‘]之后的音变形式。文章根据[h]在广州话及粤语白读中分布的普遍性及溪母读擦音在客赣粤平方言中的大面积分布,推断[h]为粤语固有的一个早期层次,它是早期壮侗语和汉语接触后遗留下的底层,[k‘]为宋代由中原移民带入的一个较晚的文读层次。[f]是以[-u]为条件从[h]中分化出来的,[j]和[w]则是受同韵摄主元音影响＂类化＂产生的例外读音。

The initial consonant Xi(溪)is realized as various pronunciations in Cantonese,such as [h],[f],[k‘]and [j],[w].A general claim on this phonological change is that [h],[f]and [j], [w]are derived from [k‘].On the basis of the prevalence of [h]in Guangzhou dialect and in other spoken Cantonese variants,as well as the far-flung distribution of the fricativization of the initial con-sonant Xi in Hakka,Ke,Gan,Yue and Pinghua dialects,this paper argues that [h]is inherited from the original strata in Cantonese,an earliest form resulted from the contacts with Zhuangdong (Kam-Tai)languages and Chinese,while [k‘]is inherited from the written strata caused by migrations from the Central Plain in Song dynasty.And [f]is split from [h]conditioned by the co-occurrence of [-u], and the consonants [j]and [w],are two exceptions caused by the analogy of the main part of a similar vowel of the same she(摄).