作为一部半自传体小说,《苦行记》表现了19世纪美国西部的社会生活。通过分析小说中的种族伦理叙事和马克·吐温对土著印第安人和华人的种族伦理观,指出19世纪土著印第安人和华人遭受了来自美国主流社会严重的种族歧视。马克·吐温对印第安人进行极力丑化,表现出极度的仇视。对华人的同情和赞美,以及对华人负面形象的塑造仍然流露出白人种族的优越意识和文化优越感。

This paper explores American racism in 19th century by analyzing ethnic narrative ethics of novel, and Mark Twain’s ethics on Native American Indians and Chinese, pointing out Native American Indians and Chinese experienced extremely racial discrimination in 19th century. Mark Twain has deeply embedded racist ideas on Native American Indians. Though he shows the sympathy and admiration for the Chinese, he creates negative images of Chinese from his own racial superiority perspective.

《他是否还在人间》是马克吐温创作中期的短篇小说之一。小说由两个叙事层的交错重叠把马克吐温极具特色的黑色幽默展现得淋漓尽致。第一层故事中主要讲作者和斯密士的谈话。第二层故事中以斯密士为主角讲述了他和画家米勒为解决生存问题不得已做戏包装炒作作品提高米勒身价，甚至为了财富和名誉策划"假死"一事。小说中不同的视角转换、第一及第三人称的大量使用和独特的叙事手法使主题的呈现方式也出现了不同的转换。

Is He Living or Is He Dead which was finished at the literary creation of the mid by mark twain is one of the Selected Short Stories of Mark Twain.It has two narrative structures.One tel s the conversation between the author and Smith. The other is a story about Mil et who manages to hype his paintings even pretend to dead for it can be sold a good price.This thesis wil make a narrative analysis of the novel from three aspects,including the change of narrative perspective,the narrative person as wel as the narrative methods.

本文以成长主题为框架,以马克·吐温的代表作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》为文本研究对象,对小说主人公哈克贝利·费恩的出走、困惑、顿悟进行阐述,揭示哈克的心路成长历程。

This paper, taking the theme of the Bildungsroman as the framework, elaborates on the protagonist Huckleberry Finn’s escaping, confusion and epiphany in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which is the masterpiece of Mark Twain, pointing out Huck’s process of achieving spiritual growth and maturity.

对美国作家马克·吐温的短篇小说《他是否还在人间》的研究,可以从身份问题入手,探讨小说中4个青年画家的自我身份认同、社会身份认同和混合身份认同以及三者之间的关联。小说中米勒诈死并改名换姓,虽然以一个富商的身份活着,但是那个热爱画画、充满梦想的青年已经死了,他最终活在孤独与痛苦的混杂身份中,即他的肉体活着,而精神已死。

The study on American writer Mark Twain''s short story Is He Living or Is He Dead can be started with the issue of identity, especially the four young artists'' self-identity, social-identity and hybrid-identity and the relevance of the three aspects. Millet fakes his death, and changes his name. Even though he lives as a rich manufacturer, he loses his self-identity. The former happy young man who loved painting and was full of dream has gone. He lives with his hybrid-identity of loneliness and agony. Although he is physically alive, he is mentally dead.

《一个真实的故事》以"我"的"逐字重述"讲述了一个饱受奴隶制磨难却看似乐观、坚强的黑人妇女形象。作者马克·吐温非常善于运用语言来刻画各种不同阶层的人物,从而深刻揭露社会的真实。运用伊瑟尔的阅读行为理论来分析该短篇小说的不同视角,发现作者对待种族问题只停留在叙述层面和白人单方面立场上,其文本意义并没有深刻揭露该问题的严重性及真实性。

In A True Story,"I repeated word for word" the story about a black woman who is a victim of slavery but strong and optimistic in life. Its author, Mark Twain, is very good at using language to portray different figures from different ranks and deeply expose the truth of American life. The essay tries to analyze different perspectives of the text from the act of reading by Iser, finding out that the problem of racialism stays only in a narrative sphere and on the side of the white, while its textual meaning fails to make its seriousness and truth unmasked wholly.